Cultivar 143: Monitor

Taxon ID: 3

Usage Facet: class=edible; edible_score=1.0; ornamental_score=0.0; inferred_from_taxon=no

Relationships: 0 | Linked Entities (visible): 0 | Evidence claims: 52 | History events: 0 | Catalog issue offerings: 0

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Evidence Badge: emerging | claims=52 | sources=4 | contradictions=0

Claim Types: description_snippet:18, storage_duration:6, recommendation_context:4, source_reference_abbreviation:4, column_scope_context:3, taxon_context:3, flavor_profile:1, fruit_size:1, productivity:1, recommendation_count_note:1, release_year_reference:1, table_axis_context:1 | Open evidence summary JSON | Open citation drawer JSON

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Wiki Draft

Monitor is a hardy plum hybrid linked to the Minnesota Fruit Breeding Farm. Prairie sources describe it as a cross of Burbank x native plum and say it was introduced in 1920. South Dakota recommendations list it as a Minnesota hybrid plum for trial in all three fruit growing zones, and later nursery lists show it was sold there. [S4] [S1] [S2]

Prairie variety notes describe the tree as upright spreading, vigorous, and productive. The fruit is described as very large and roundish ovate, with dull bronze red skin and yellow flesh. It is tender, firm, juicy, and sweet. Quality is rated good, and the season is about mid September. [S4]

The clearest evidence for hardiness here is geographic, not a formal zone rating. South Dakota Extension listed Monitor for trial from the milder southern border districts to the plains of the northern two thirds of the state. That places it in broad northern prairie testing, not just favored sites. Its inclusion in a prairie orchard bulletin from Morden also fits that cold climate context. [S1] [S4]

Later University of Minnesota thesis work treats Monitor as a plum under Prunus spp. and follows it mainly as breeding material, not as a fruit description. In those experiments, it showed variable seed germination across environments and storage treatments, produced some root suckers in greenhouse grown seedlings, and had pollen stainability that dropped significantly after about seven months of storage. By the end of the storage experiment, it was one of the few plum cultivars below the general >50% stainability pattern. These results add biological context, but they do not change the older orchard picture of Monitor as a productive, large fruited prairie plum hybrid. [S3] [S4]

Within the archive, Monitor belongs to the older northern plum breeding stream that combined named cultivars with native material to produce larger fruited plums for cold regions. The surviving source trail is stronger on orchard description and regional adaptation than on breeder biography or naming history. [S4] [S1]

Summary source basis

This summary currently draws chiefly from Minnesota #1695, with 4 additional supporting sources linked below.

Featured source descriptions

“Monitor is a plum cultivar used in field initial stem diameter analysis and is the lower anchor of the stated field range (1.16 mm).”
[1]
“Replications of seedlings from 'Monitor' germinated in the greenhouse produced one or more root suckers during the experiment.”
[1]
“For seed stored for 25 months in the field environment of Experiment II, average percent germination was 4.2% (Table 5).”
[1]
“There were ≤ 4 replications from 'Monitor' that produced suckers.”
[1]

Parentage

Direct parent cultivars

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Taxonomy context: Genus: Prunus | open genus tree

Related cultivars mentioned in source context

Continued ... 'Monitor' 4.2 d 0.0 c

Cold Hardiness

Zone assertions are structured rows. Hardiness claim text appears in evidence claims and page-linked citations.

Zone MinZone MaxZone TextAssertion TypeOutcomeLocationConfidence
ZONE III All Rest and Northern two-thirds of Staterecommendation_tablerecommendedPLUMS, Minn. Hybrids0.84
ZONE II Counties in Minne-sota that have North Slopes & Valleys of General Prairierecommendation_tablerecommendedPLUMS, Minn. Hybrids0.84
ZONE I Southern Border, Lincoln Co., West & lower Valleys around Black Hillsrecommendation_tablerecommendedPLUMS, Minn. Hybrids0.84

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Citation Drawer (Top Supporting Sources)

DocumentTitle/URLRightsClaimsRelationshipsHistory EventsPagesSnippets
7Minnesota #1695unknown3100p47 p48 p49 p50 p52 p73 p80 p84Its row includes group letters A-F, BC, A-C, B-G, B-G, B-D, D-H, D-G, GH, and J by month.; Monitor has stored values of 87%, 85%, 86%, 88%, 81%, 76%, 75%, 70%, 58%, and 48% for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 months res
2South Dakota Fruit Garden (visual sample pages 9-11)public_domain900p1LaCrescent (yellow); ZONE III All Rest and Northern two-thirds of State; {"column_label": "ZONE III All Rest and Northern two-thirds of State", "cultivar_name": "Monitor", "notes": ["LaCrescent (yellow)"], "page_number":
105Hardy fruits for Northern planting, trees, shrubs, 1937unknown900p8 p21Included among sturdy, vigorous trees and plants grown by the Minnesota Fruit Breeding Farm.; Offered as one of the free membership premium choices for 1937.; Listed under the Plum Trees section.; Season is late August.
112Pollination Studies with Stone Fruitsunknown300p3 p4Listed among named varieties in Table 5, pollinizers tested and rated as poor.; Placed among varieties showing very low pollen germination in Table 2.; Listed in Table 2 as a P. salicina hybrid.

Citation Evidence (Page-Linked Quotes)

DocumentPageClaim TypeClaimQuoteMatch
105p21description_snippetIncluded among sturdy, vigorous trees and plants grown by the Minnesota Fruit Breeding Farm.Plum Trees MONITORpage_block:0.90
105p21recommendation_contextOffered as one of the free membership premium choices for 1937.Plum Trees MONITORpage_block:0.90
105p21taxon_contextListed under the Plum Trees section.Plum Trees MONITORpage_block:0.90
105p8description_snippetSeason is late August.Monitor is one of the market Plums we have been looking for here in the Northwest. It has high quality, firm flesh and a large size.page_block:0.90
105p8productivityVery productive and a regular bearer.Monitor is one of the market Plums we have been looking for here in the Northwest. It has high quality, firm flesh and a large size.page_block:0.90
105p8fruit_sizeLarge size, some fruits more than 1 3/4 inches in diameter.Monitor is one of the market Plums we have been looking for here in the Northwest. It has high quality, firm flesh and a large size.page_block:0.90
105p8description_snippetFirm flesh.Monitor is one of the market Plums we have been looking for here in the Northwest. It has high quality, firm flesh and a large size.page_block:0.90
105p8flavor_profileHigh quality.Monitor is one of the market Plums we have been looking for here in the Northwest. It has high quality, firm flesh and a large size.page_block:0.90
105p8recommendation_contextPresented as one of the market plums sought for the Northwest.Monitor is one of the market Plums we have been looking for here in the Northwest. It has high quality, firm flesh and a large size.page_block:0.90
7p122description_snippetIts row includes group letters A-F, BC, A-C, B-G, B-G, B-D, D-H, D-G, GH, and Jby month.'Monitor' 87% A-F 85% BC 86% A-C 88% B-G 81% B-G 76% B-D 75% D-H 70% D-G 58% GH 48% Jpage_block:0.90
7p122storage_durationMonitor has stored values of 87%, 85%, 86%, 88%, 81%, 76%, 75%, 70%, 58%, and 48% for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 months respectively.'Monitor' 87% A-F 85% BC 86% A-C 88% B-G 81% B-G 76% B-D 75% D-H 70% D-G 58% GH 48% Jpage_block:0.90
7p118entry_locationCollection week is shown as Week 18.'Monitor' 1920 Week 18 Brooks and Olmo, 1997page_block:0.90
7p118source_reference_abbreviationSource citation given as Brooks and Olmo, 1997.'Monitor' 1920 Week 18 Brooks and Olmo, 1997page_block:0.90
7p118release_year_referenceIntroduction year listed as 1920.'Monitor' 1920 Week 18 Brooks and Olmo, 1997page_block:0.90
7p112source_reference_abbreviationPrimary evidence is from Kostick 2016, A Survey of Winter-Hardy Prunus Species: Evaluation of Seed Germination, Seedling Establishment, and Pollen Viability.Except for the plums 'Monitor' and 'Superior', all cultivars had >50% stainability at the end of the experiment, which indicates that the majority of cultivars' pollen could potentially remain viable in storage for at lepage_block:0.90
7p112entry_hardiness_observationMonitor's pollen longevity in storage appears lower than the page-level majority, while many cultivars remained above 50 percent stainability over approximately nine months.Except for the plums 'Monitor' and 'Superior', all cultivars had >50% stainability at the end of the experiment, which indicates that the majority of cultivars' pollen could potentially remain viable in storage for at lepage_block:0.90
7p112description_snippetMonitor is a plum cultivar named in the winter-hardy Prunus pollen viability comparison and is identified as an exception that did not retain more than 50 percent stainability at tExcept for the plums 'Monitor' and 'Superior', all cultivars had >50% stainability at the end of the experiment, which indicates that the majority of cultivars' pollen could potentially remain viable in storage for at lepage_block:0.90
7p111source_reference_abbreviationStatistical change is reported with reference to the study’s Table 2 data.After seven months in storage, % stainability decreased significantly for the plums La Crescent, Monitor, and Toka.page_block:0.90
7p111storage_durationMonitor pollen showed significant stainability decline after seven months in storage.After seven months in storage, % stainability decreased significantly for the plums La Crescent, Monitor, and Toka.page_block:0.90
7p109storage_durationStainability declined significantly after seven or more months in storage.Average % stainability for 'La Crescent', 'Monitor', and 'Toka' decreased significantly after seven or more months in storage.page_block:0.90
7p108storage_durationMonitor showed significant decreases in pollen stainability after seven or more months of storage.Average % stainability for 'La Crescent', 'Monitor', and 'Toka' decreased significantly after seven or more months in storage whereas 'Superior' had significant decreases after just three months in storage (Table 2).page_block:0.90
7p101description_snippetMonitor is included with La Crescent and Toka as plum cultivars with significant storage-related decline.Average % stainability for plums ‘La Crescent’, ‘Monitor’, and ‘Toka’ decreased significantly after seven months in storage whereas ‘Superior’ had a significant decrease in as few as three months in storage.page_block:0.90
7p101storage_durationPollen stainability for Monitor decreased significantly after seven months of storage at -20°C.Average % stainability for plums ‘La Crescent’, ‘Monitor’, and ‘Toka’ decreased significantly after seven months in storage whereas ‘Superior’ had a significant decrease in as few as three months in storage.page_block:0.90
7p88source_reference_abbreviationEntry is embedded in Table 6: Continued with no separate figure or narrative context on this page.Prunus spp. ‘Monitor’ 51.0 ab 4.29 bc 0.19 4.53page_block:0.90
7p88description_snippetPrunus spp. 'Monitor' appears with the values 51.0 ab, 4.29 bc, 0.19, and 4.53 in the continuation table row set.Prunus spp. ‘Monitor’ 51.0 ab 4.29 bc 0.19 4.53page_block:0.90
7p86description_snippetIncluded in the plum continuation of Table 5.Table 5: Continued ... 'Monitor' 4.2 d 0.0 cpage_block:0.90
7p86storage_durationPlum 'Monitor' field germination was 4.2% at 25 months and 0.0% at 1 month (Table 5).Table 5: Continued ... 'Monitor' 4.2 d 0.0 cpage_block:0.90
7p84description_snippetMean weeks to germination are 2.1 (non-scarified) and 2.0 (scarified).'Monitor' 54.2 abcd 66.7 2.1 2.0page_block:0.90
7p84description_snippetMonitor shows non-scarified germination of 54.2 with group abcd and scarified germination of 66.7.'Monitor' 54.2 abcd 66.7 2.1 2.0page_block:0.90
7p80description_snippetRow includes treatment values 25.0 and 33.3 plus trailing values 16.7, 0.8, 1.9 with annotations abc / ab / bcde.Plum 'Monitor' 25.0 abc 33.3 ab; 16.7 bcde; 0.8; 1.9.page_block:0.90
7p80taxon_contextThis cultivar entry is part of the Plum rows in Table 3.Plum 'Monitor' 25.0 abc 33.3 ab; 16.7 bcde; 0.8; 1.9.page_block:0.90
7p73description_snippetThe row is captured as 'Monitor HRC x x 13 2'.Monitor HRC x x 13 2page_block:0.90
7p73entry_locationCollection/source field on this row is HRC.Monitor HRC x x 13 2page_block:0.90
7p52recommendation_contextIts variable germination is presented as potentially reducing relative invasiveness versus high-germinating cultivars."Prunus spp. ‘Monitor’ had variable germination percentages across environments, scarification treatments and seed storage."page_block:0.90
7p52description_snippetGermination pattern was variable across environments, scarification, and storage conditions."Prunus spp. ‘Monitor’ had variable germination percentages across environments, scarification treatments and seed storage."page_block:0.90
7p50description_snippetMonitor is referenced as a plum cultivar with single replications in Table 9.Replications from Hazel and South Dakota, and single replications from Compass, Gracious, Monitor, and Whittaker (Table 9).page_block:0.90
7p49description_snippetMonitor had fewer than four greenhouse replications producing root suckers (Table 9).... from 'Todd', 'Gracious', 'Monitor', 'South Dakota', and 'Whittaker' produced one or more root suckers during the experiment (Table 9). ... There were < 4 replications from 'Todd', 'Gracious', 'Monitor', and 'Whittakepage_block:0.90
7p49description_snippetMonitor was among the cultivars with root suckers in greenhouse replications.... from 'Todd', 'Gracious', 'Monitor', 'South Dakota', and 'Whittaker' produced one or more root suckers during the experiment (Table 9). ... There were < 4 replications from 'Todd', 'Gracious', 'Monitor', and 'Whittakepage_block:0.90
7p48description_snippetMonitor is a plum cultivar used in field initial stem diameter analysis and is the lower anchor of the stated field range (1.16 mm).Averages for seedlings started in the field ranged from 1.16 mm for seedlings from 'Monitor' to 2.39 mm for seedlings from 'Todd' with 'Todd' differing significantly from a number of plum cultivars (Table 7).page_block:0.90
7p47entry_hardiness_observationIn 25-month field storage tests, 'Monitor' is at the low end of the plum germination range at 4.2% (Table 5).For seed stored for 25 months, averages ranged from 4.2% for 'Monitor', 'Mount Royal' and 'Pipestone' to 95.8% for 'Hennepin' (Table 5).page_block:0.90
112p4recommendation_contextListed among named varieties in Table 5, pollinizers tested and rated as poor.Monitorpage_block:0.90
112p3description_snippetPlaced among varieties showing very low pollen germination in Table 2.Monitor — P. salicina hybridpage_block:0.90
112p3entry_pedigreeListed in Table 2 as a P. salicina hybrid.Monitor — P. salicina hybridpage_block:0.90
2p1recommendation_count_noteLaCrescent (yellow)Monitor LaCrescent (yellow)visual_page_probe:0.90
2p1column_scope_contextZONE III All Rest and Northern two-thirds of StatePLUMS, Minn. Hybrids | For Trial | ZONE III All Rest and Northern two-thirds of State | Monitorvisual_page_probe:0.90
2p1taxon_contextPLUMS, Minn. HybridsPLUMS, Minn. Hybrids | For Trial | ZONE III All Rest and Northern two-thirds of State | Monitorvisual_page_probe:0.90
2p1table_axis_contextFor TrialPLUMS, Minn. Hybrids | For Trial | ZONE III All Rest and Northern two-thirds of State | Monitorvisual_page_probe:0.90
2p1structured_entry_json{"column_label": "ZONE III All Rest and Northern two-thirds of State", "cultivar_name": "Monitor", "notes": ["LaCrescent (yellow)"], "page_number": 1, "parser_mode": "visual_table_PLUMS, Minn. Hybrids | For Trial | ZONE III All Rest and Northern two-thirds of State | Monitorvisual_page_probe:0.90
2p1column_scope_contextZONE II Counties in Minne-sota that have North Slopes & Valleys of General PrairiePLUMS, Minn. Hybrids | For Trial | ZONE II Counties in Minne-sota that have North Slopes & Valleys of General Prairie | Monitorvisual_page_probe:0.90
2p1taxon_contextPLUMS, Minn. HybridsPLUMS, Minn. Hybrids | For Trial | ZONE II Counties in Minne-sota that have North Slopes & Valleys of General Prairie | Monitorvisual_page_probe:0.90
2p1table_axis_contextFor TrialPLUMS, Minn. Hybrids | For Trial | ZONE II Counties in Minne-sota that have North Slopes & Valleys of General Prairie | Monitorvisual_page_probe:0.90
2p1structured_entry_json{"column_label": "ZONE II Counties in Minne-sota that have North Slopes & Valleys of General Prairie", "cultivar_name": "Monitor", "notes": [], "page_number": 1, "parser_mode": "viPLUMS, Minn. Hybrids | For Trial | ZONE II Counties in Minne-sota that have North Slopes & Valleys of General Prairie | Monitorvisual_page_probe:0.90
2p1column_scope_contextZONE I Southern Border, Lincoln Co., West & lower Valleys around Black HillsPLUMS, Minn. Hybrids | For Trial | ZONE I Southern Border, Lincoln Co., West & lower Valleys around Black Hills | Monitorvisual_page_probe:0.90
2p1taxon_contextPLUMS, Minn. HybridsPLUMS, Minn. Hybrids | For Trial | ZONE I Southern Border, Lincoln Co., West & lower Valleys around Black Hills | Monitorvisual_page_probe:0.90
2p1table_axis_contextFor TrialPLUMS, Minn. Hybrids | For Trial | ZONE I Southern Border, Lincoln Co., West & lower Valleys around Black Hills | Monitorvisual_page_probe:0.90
2p1structured_entry_json{"column_label": "ZONE I Southern Border, Lincoln Co., West & lower Valleys around Black Hills", "cultivar_name": "Monitor", "notes": [], "page_number": 1, "parser_mode": "visual_tPLUMS, Minn. Hybrids | For Trial | ZONE I Southern Border, Lincoln Co., West & lower Valleys around Black Hills | Monitorvisual_page_probe:0.90

Nursery Offering Timeline

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Evidence Claims

TypeClaimConfidence
description_snippetIncluded among sturdy, vigorous trees and plants grown by the Minnesota Fruit Breeding Farm.0.86
recommendation_contextOffered as one of the free membership premium choices for 1937.0.98
taxon_contextListed under the Plum Trees section.0.99
description_snippetSeason is late August.0.95
productivityVery productive and a regular bearer.0.96
fruit_sizeLarge size, some fruits more than 1 3/4 inches in diameter.0.97
description_snippetFirm flesh.0.92
flavor_profileHigh quality.0.92
recommendation_contextPresented as one of the market plums sought for the Northwest.0.95
description_snippetIts row includes group letters A-F, BC, A-C, B-G, B-G, B-D, D-H, D-G, GH, and J by month.0.86
storage_durationMonitor has stored values of 87%, 85%, 86%, 88%, 81%, 76%, 75%, 70%, 58%, and 48% for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 months respectively.0.93
entry_locationCollection week is shown as Week 18.0.95
source_reference_abbreviationSource citation given as Brooks and Olmo, 1997.0.96
release_year_referenceIntroduction year listed as 1920.0.97
source_reference_abbreviationPrimary evidence is from Kostick 2016, A Survey of Winter-Hardy Prunus Species: Evaluation of Seed Germination, Seedling Establishment, and Pollen Viability.0.86
entry_hardiness_observationMonitor's pollen longevity in storage appears lower than the page-level majority, while many cultivars remained above 50 percent stainability over approximately nine months.0.89
description_snippetMonitor is a plum cultivar named in the winter-hardy Prunus pollen viability comparison and is identified as an exception that did not retain more than 50 percent stainability at the end of the storage experiment.0.93
source_reference_abbreviationStatistical change is reported with reference to the study’s Table 2 data.0.86
storage_durationMonitor pollen showed significant stainability decline after seven months in storage.0.98
storage_durationStainability declined significantly after seven or more months in storage.0.88
storage_durationMonitor showed significant decreases in pollen stainability after seven or more months of storage.0.98
description_snippetMonitor is included with La Crescent and Toka as plum cultivars with significant storage-related decline.0.94
storage_durationPollen stainability for Monitor decreased significantly after seven months of storage at -20°C.0.96
source_reference_abbreviationEntry is embedded in Table 6: Continued with no separate figure or narrative context on this page.0.95
description_snippetPrunus spp. 'Monitor' appears with the values 51.0 ab, 4.29 bc, 0.19, and 4.53 in the continuation table row set.0.97
description_snippetIncluded in the plum continuation of Table 5.0.99
storage_durationPlum 'Monitor' field germination was 4.2% at 25 months and 0.0% at 1 month (Table 5).0.97
description_snippetMean weeks to germination are 2.1 (non-scarified) and 2.0 (scarified).0.97
description_snippetMonitor shows non-scarified germination of 54.2 with group abcd and scarified germination of 66.7.0.98
description_snippetRow includes treatment values 25.0 and 33.3 plus trailing values 16.7, 0.8, 1.9 with annotations abc / ab / bcde.0.90
taxon_contextThis cultivar entry is part of the Plum rows in Table 3.0.99
description_snippetThe row is captured as 'Monitor HRC x x 13 2'.0.95
entry_locationCollection/source field on this row is HRC.0.99
recommendation_contextIts variable germination is presented as potentially reducing relative invasiveness versus high-germinating cultivars.0.81
description_snippetGermination pattern was variable across environments, scarification, and storage conditions.0.98
description_snippetMonitor is referenced as a plum cultivar with single replications in Table 9.0.90
description_snippetMonitor had fewer than four greenhouse replications producing root suckers (Table 9).0.93
description_snippetMonitor was among the cultivars with root suckers in greenhouse replications.0.95
description_snippetMonitor is a plum cultivar used in field initial stem diameter analysis and is the lower anchor of the stated field range (1.16 mm).0.95
entry_hardiness_observationIn 25-month field storage tests, 'Monitor' is at the low end of the plum germination range at 4.2% (Table 5).0.90
recommendation_contextListed among named varieties in Table 5, pollinizers tested and rated as poor.0.99
description_snippetPlaced among varieties showing very low pollen germination in Table 2.0.84
entry_pedigreeListed in Table 2 as a P. salicina hybrid.0.97
recommendation_count_noteLaCrescent (yellow)0.92
column_scope_contextZONE III All Rest and Northern two-thirds of State0.92
structured_entry_json{"column_label": "ZONE III All Rest and Northern two-thirds of State", "cultivar_name": "Monitor", "notes": ["LaCrescent (yellow)"], "page_number": 1, "parser_mode": "visual_table_page", "row_context": null, "row_label":0.94
column_scope_contextZONE II Counties in Minne-sota that have North Slopes & Valleys of General Prairie0.92
structured_entry_json{"column_label": "ZONE II Counties in Minne-sota that have North Slopes & Valleys of General Prairie", "cultivar_name": "Monitor", "notes": [], "page_number": 1, "parser_mode": "visual_table_page", "row_context": null, "0.94
column_scope_contextZONE I Southern Border, Lincoln Co., West & lower Valleys around Black Hills0.92
taxon_contextPLUMS, Minn. Hybrids0.92
table_axis_contextFor Trial0.92
structured_entry_json{"column_label": "ZONE I Southern Border, Lincoln Co., West & lower Valleys around Black Hills", "cultivar_name": "Monitor", "notes": [], "page_number": 1, "parser_mode": "visual_table_page", "row_context": null, "row_la0.94

History Events

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