Taxon ID: 3
Usage Facet: class=edible; edible_score=1.0; ornamental_score=0.0; inferred_from_taxon=no
Relationships: 0 | Linked Entities (visible): 0 | Evidence claims: 13 | History events: 0 | Catalog issue offerings: 0
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Evidence Badge: emerging | claims=13 | sources=3 | contradictions=0
Claim Types: source_reference_abbreviation:2, column_scope_context:1, description_snippet:1, fruit_size:1, recommendation_context:1, selection_origin_reference:1, table_axis_context:1, taxon_context:1 | Open evidence summary JSON | Open citation drawer JSON
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Tonka is not one clearly settled fruit in the surviving record. Prairie apple references list Tonka as an older American name grown before 1893, and a South Dakota recommendation list places it among crab apples and hybrids for general cultivation. [S1] [S3] A separate prairie plum source uses the same name for a Minnesota Fruit Breeding Farm plum introduced in 1920 from Burbank x Wolf. [S4]
If the plum record is the intended Tonka, it was bred at the Minnesota Fruit Breeding Farm. It was described as a large, round plum with light red skin and a waxy bloom. The flesh is yellow, firm, and tender, with a sweet, rich flavor rated good. The fruit ripens in early September. [S4] The same source says the tree is spreading, medium sized, productive, and less reliable than Underwood. [S4]
South Dakota Extension later listed Tonka for trial among Minnesota hybrid plums in Zone I, the milder fruit district along the state's southern border and lower Black Hills valleys. [S2] This supports its use in northern plains fruit culture, but it is not the same as a direct hardiness rating. [S2]
The main unresolved issue is identity. Sources do not agree on whether Tonka here is an old apple or crabapple name, a Minnesota hybrid plum, or two different fruits that shared the same name. [S1] [S3] [S4] Until that is resolved, Tonka should be treated as a historically ambiguous cultivar name rather than a single unified entry. [S1] [S3] [S4]
Summary source basis
This summary currently draws chiefly from Edible Apples in Prairie Canada, with 4 additional supporting sources linked below.
Featured source descriptions
“Grown in the USA prior to 1893.”
— [1]
“Flesh yellow, firm, tender, sweet rich; quality good; season early September.”
— [6]
“Ref F&M.”
— [1]
“Tree spreading, medium size, productive but less reliable than Underwood.”
— [6]
Direct parent cultivars
Parentage claim text
Derived or downstream cultivar links
Source-story quotations
Taxonomy context: No family-tree context surfaced yet.
Related cultivars mentioned in source context
Zone assertions are structured rows. Hardiness claim text appears in evidence claims and page-linked citations.
| Zone Min | Zone Max | Zone Text | Assertion Type | Outcome | Location | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZONE I Southern Border, Lincoln Co., West & lower Valleys around Black Hills | recommendation_table | recommended | PLUMS, Minn. Hybrids | 0.84 |
No linked media assets.
| Document | Title/URL | Rights | Claims | Relationships | History Events | Pages | Snippets |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | Edible Apples in Prairie Canada | unknown | 7 | 0 | 0 | p69 | References cited: PSM (Shown at the 1901 Provincial Show, Morden MB.).; Hardiness rated borderline hardy (H3).; Listed as a crabapple (crabapple or applecrab, fruit less than 5 cm diameter).; H3 indicates borderline hard |
| 2 | South Dakota Fruit Garden (visual sample pages 9-11) | public_domain | 4 | 0 | 0 | p1 | ZONE I Southern Border, Lincoln Co., West & lower Valleys around Black Hills; PLUMS, Minn. Hybrids; For Trial; {"column_label": "ZONE I Southern Border, Lincoln Co., West & lower Valleys around Black Hills", "cultivar_na |
| 112 | Pollination Studies with Stone Fruits | unknown | 2 | 0 | 0 | p3 | Tonka ranked with the native species in viability, but proved to be a very poor pollinizer.; Listed in Table 2 as P. salicina x P. americana. |
| Document | Page | Claim Type | Claim | Quote | Match |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 112 | p3 | recommendation_context | Tonka ranked with the native species in viability, but proved to be a very poor pollinizer. | Tonka — P. salicina x P. americana | page_block:0.90 |
| 112 | p3 | entry_pedigree | Listed in Table 2 as P. salicina x P. americana. | Tonka — P. salicina x P. americana | page_block:0.90 |
| 3 | p69 | source_reference_abbreviation | References cited: PSM (Shown at the 1901 Provincial Show, Morden MB.). | Tonka (Grown in the USA prior to 1893) CR Ref PSM. H3. | page_block:0.90 |
| 3 | p69 | entry_hardiness_observation | Hardiness rated borderline hardy (H3). | Tonka (Grown in the USA prior to 1893) CR Ref PSM. H3. | page_block:0.90 |
| 3 | p69 | description_snippet | Listed as a crabapple (crabapple or applecrab, fruit less than 5 cm diameter). | Tonka (Grown in the USA prior to 1893) CR Ref PSM. H3. | page_block:0.90 |
| 3 | p69 | entry_hardiness_observation | H3 indicates borderline hardiness. | Tonka (Grown in the USA prior to 1893) CR Ref PSM. H3. | page_block:0.90 |
| 3 | p69 | source_reference_abbreviation | Referenced as PSM. | Tonka (Grown in the USA prior to 1893) CR Ref PSM. H3. | page_block:0.90 |
| 3 | p69 | fruit_size | Listed as CR, meaning crabapple or applecrab with fruit less than 5 cm diameter. | Tonka (Grown in the USA prior to 1893) CR Ref PSM. H3. | page_block:0.90 |
| 3 | p69 | selection_origin_reference | Grown in the USA prior to 1893. | Tonka (Grown in the USA prior to 1893) CR Ref PSM. H3. | page_block:0.90 |
| 2 | p1 | column_scope_context | ZONE I Southern Border, Lincoln Co., West & lower Valleys around Black Hills | PLUMS, Minn. Hybrids | For Trial | ZONE I Southern Border, Lincoln Co., West & lower Valleys around Black Hills | Tonka | visual_page_probe:0.90 |
| 2 | p1 | taxon_context | PLUMS, Minn. Hybrids | PLUMS, Minn. Hybrids | For Trial | ZONE I Southern Border, Lincoln Co., West & lower Valleys around Black Hills | Tonka | visual_page_probe:0.90 |
| 2 | p1 | table_axis_context | For Trial | PLUMS, Minn. Hybrids | For Trial | ZONE I Southern Border, Lincoln Co., West & lower Valleys around Black Hills | Tonka | visual_page_probe:0.90 |
| 2 | p1 | structured_entry_json | {"column_label": "ZONE I Southern Border, Lincoln Co., West & lower Valleys around Black Hills", "cultivar_name": "Tonka", "notes": [], "page_number": 1, "parser_mode": "visual_tab | PLUMS, Minn. Hybrids | For Trial | ZONE I Southern Border, Lincoln Co., West & lower Valleys around Black Hills | Tonka | visual_page_probe:0.90 |
| Year | Nursery | Catalog Issue | Relation |
|---|---|---|---|
| No catalog issue offerings linked. | |||
| Relation | Type | ID | Label |
|---|---|---|---|
| No linked entities at this filter level. | |||
| Type | Claim | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| recommendation_context | Tonka ranked with the native species in viability, but proved to be a very poor pollinizer. | 0.98 |
| entry_pedigree | Listed in Table 2 as P. salicina x P. americana. | 0.99 |
| source_reference_abbreviation | References cited: PSM (Shown at the 1901 Provincial Show, Morden MB.). | 0.93 |
| entry_hardiness_observation | Hardiness rated borderline hardy (H3). | 0.96 |
| description_snippet | Listed as a crabapple (crabapple or applecrab, fruit less than 5 cm diameter). | 0.96 |
| entry_hardiness_observation | H3 indicates borderline hardiness. | 0.93 |
| source_reference_abbreviation | Referenced as PSM. | 0.90 |
| fruit_size | Listed as CR, meaning crabapple or applecrab with fruit less than 5 cm diameter. | 0.99 |
| selection_origin_reference | Grown in the USA prior to 1893. | 0.97 |
| column_scope_context | ZONE I Southern Border, Lincoln Co., West & lower Valleys around Black Hills | 0.92 |
| taxon_context | PLUMS, Minn. Hybrids | 0.92 |
| table_axis_context | For Trial | 0.92 |
| structured_entry_json | {"column_label": "ZONE I Southern Border, Lincoln Co., West & lower Valleys around Black Hills", "cultivar_name": "Tonka", "notes": [], "page_number": 1, "parser_mode": "visual_table_page", "row_context": null, "row_labe | 0.94 |
| ID | Type | Year | Label |
|---|---|---|---|
| No history events. | |||