Cultivar 1888: Borealis

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Usage Facet: class=edible; edible_score=1.0; ornamental_score=0.0; inferred_from_taxon=no

Relationships: 0 | Linked Entities (visible): 0 | Evidence claims: 155 | History events: 0 | Catalog issue offerings: 0

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Claim Types: description_snippet:44, recommendation_context:27, fruit_size:13, flavor_profile:11, caption_context:9, growth_habit:9, taxon_context:6, keeping_quality:5, release_year_reference:5, anecdote_snippet:4, productivity:3, selection_origin_reference:3, culinary_use:2, source_reference_abbreviation:2, breeder_reference:1 | Open evidence summary JSON | Open citation drawer JSON

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Borealis is a haskap, or blue honeysuckle, cultivar of Lonicera caerulea from the University of Saskatchewan Fruit Program. It was released in 2007 with Tundra. The source identifies both cultivars as Russian / Kuril Island hybrids and recommends Borealis for home gardeners. [S1]

The source does not give a parent-by-parent pedigree. It places Borealis in the University of Saskatchewan breeding and testing program. By 2008, that program was working with Russian cultivars, Japanese-type selections, Kuril Island types, Canadian boreal accessions, and thousands of controlled-cross seedlings. [S1]

Borealis has much larger fruit than the Russian cultivars then available in North America. The berries are described as better tasting and nicely round. Later field observations group Borealis with large, fat-berried selections that kept their quality best when left unharvested. [S1]

Season and harvest behavior are described for haskap more broadly, not only for Borealis. At Saskatoon, fruit color can begin changing around June 1, with most berries purple by the second or third week of June. Full ripeness is shown by purple flesh rather than a green interior. In unharvested rows observed in 2006 and 2007, large-fruited selections such as Borealis and Tundra held better than thin tubular Russian types, which dehydrated by late July. Fruit stayed usable into about the second week of August in a hot season and into early September after a cool August. [S1]

The guide reports less powdery mildew on Borealis and the related 2007 release group than on other varieties tested by the program. It also gives general haskap management advice. Plants are grown as renewable shrubs, pruned in late winter or early spring, and thinned by removing older branches when bushes become dense. The source says haskap does not sucker and can regrow from the crown after severe top damage because plants are on their own roots. [S1]

The strongest hardiness evidence applies to the University of Saskatchewan haskap material and trials, not to a separate zone rating for Borealis. The guide describes haskap plants in the program as extremely hardy, with no observed winter damage, including survival through a -47°C winter. This supports Borealis as prairie hardy in the program context, but the packet does not give a direct zone number for Borealis itself. [S1]

Borealis belongs to the haskap / honeyberry group within Lonicera caerulea. In this source, it is important as one of the early named University of Saskatchewan releases from Russian / Kuril Island hybrid material. It was selected against a background of older Russian and ornamental North American material that was often less suitable for fruit quality. [S1]

Summary source basis

This summary currently draws chiefly from Haskap Breeding & Production - Final Report, January 2012, with 5 additional supporting sources linked below.

Featured source descriptions

“Same multi-variety field observations note that some types showed late fruit dehydration while others retained fruit, with Borealis grouped with high-performing big-fruited selections.”
[4]
“Borealis is presented as a new haskap cultivar in a figure-caption context.”
[4]
“Borealis has a nice round shape.”
[4]
“Borealis is described as tasting better than other compared Russian cultivars.”
[4]

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Related cultivars mentioned in source context

Definitely only for home gardenersTundra

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Citation Drawer (Top Supporting Sources)

DocumentTitle/URLRightsClaimsRelationshipsHistory EventsPagesSnippets
102Haskap Breeding & Production - Final Report, January 2012unknown9100p5 p6 p45 p52 p54 p56 p57 p58Figure 32 states that haskap bushes have branches close to the ground and that the pictured row was the source of selection for Borealis.; The row shown in Figure 32 is identified as the row from which the variety Boreal
131‘Aurora’ & ‘Borealis’ Haskapunknown2500p2 p3 p4The page continues an inherited comparison of Aurora and Borealis attributes from the previous page, with the visible sentence stating that both show good mildew resistance.; Borealis is included with Aurora in the page'
147New Haskap Varieties from the University of Saskatchewanunknown1300p1 p2The flavour explanation states there was a preference for Borealis as the best tasting of the compared group.; The explanatory text says Borealis is either a late variety or may always have a wet scar.; Scar is listed as
110Growing Haskap in Canadaunknown1100p2 p3 p7Same multi-variety field observations note that some types showed late fruit dehydration while others retained fruit, with Borealis grouped with high-performing big-fruited selections.; In unharvested row tests, berries
143Recommended fruit Varietiesunknown700p1 p2Fruit is harder to pick because it is hidden from view; one hand is needed to open the bush while the other picks.; Late in the season the fruits come off cleanly.; For most of the season fruits hold on tight and tear wh
141Haskap Pollinator Breeding in 2009unknown400p1In 2010, six advanced selections were planned to be cross pollinated with Borealis and Tundra to check pollen compatibility and similar bloom time.; Borealis and Tundra are stated to be too closely related and not to pol
146Breeding the Boreal Series of Haskap (Lonicera caerulea)unknown400p1Referenced as a University of Saskatchewan haskap variety in the Lonicera caerulea breeding program.; Early University of Saskatchewan breeding was limited to only four parents obtained in 1998.; These early varieties sh

Citation Evidence (Page-Linked Quotes)

DocumentPageClaim TypeClaimQuoteMatch
147p2flavor_profileThe flavour explanation states there was a preference for Borealis as the best tasting of the compared group.Characteristics table lists Borealis with wet scar, average yield, 1.62 g average fruit weight, small + bb fruit end, short flat boxy fruit shape, sweet tart flavour, stems a, integrity c+.page_block:0.90
147p2description_snippetThe explanatory text says Borealis is either a late variety or may always have a wet scar.Characteristics table lists Borealis with wet scar, average yield, 1.62 g average fruit weight, small + bb fruit end, short flat boxy fruit shape, sweet tart flavour, stems a, integrity c+.page_block:0.90
147p2description_snippetScar is listed as wet; stems rating is a; integrity rating is c+.Characteristics table lists Borealis with wet scar, average yield, 1.62 g average fruit weight, small + bb fruit end, short flat boxy fruit shape, sweet tart flavour, stems a, integrity c+.page_block:0.90
147p2description_snippetFruit shape is listed as short flat boxy; fruit end is listed as small + bb.Characteristics table lists Borealis with wet scar, average yield, 1.62 g average fruit weight, small + bb fruit end, short flat boxy fruit shape, sweet tart flavour, stems a, integrity c+.page_block:0.90
147p2productivityYield is listed as average.Characteristics table lists Borealis with wet scar, average yield, 1.62 g average fruit weight, small + bb fruit end, short flat boxy fruit shape, sweet tart flavour, stems a, integrity c+.page_block:0.90
147p2flavor_profileFlavour is listed as sweet tart.Characteristics table lists Borealis with wet scar, average yield, 1.62 g average fruit weight, small + bb fruit end, short flat boxy fruit shape, sweet tart flavour, stems a, integrity c+.page_block:0.90
147p2fruit_sizeAverage fruit weight is listed as 1.62 g in the 2007 table.Characteristics table lists Borealis with wet scar, average yield, 1.62 g average fruit weight, small + bb fruit end, short flat boxy fruit shape, sweet tart flavour, stems a, integrity c+.page_block:0.90
147p1description_snippetIf shake harvested, the berries will be damaged and need quick processing.‘Borealis’ has the distinction of having the best testing and largest fruit size in our breeding program as of 2007.page_block:0.90
147p1recommendation_contextMay be best for home gardeners or U-pick operations that can hand pick the delicate fruit.‘Borealis’ has the distinction of having the best testing and largest fruit size in our breeding program as of 2007.page_block:0.90
147p1culinary_useNot suitable for IQF because it does not have the firmness of Tundra and tends to get mushy when handled with equipment.‘Borealis’ has the distinction of having the best testing and largest fruit size in our breeding program as of 2007.page_block:0.90
147p1flavor_profileChosen by the breeder and a University panel as having the best flavour; a Japanese company also chose it as the best tasting of 43 samples.‘Borealis’ has the distinction of having the best testing and largest fruit size in our breeding program as of 2007.page_block:0.90
147p1fruit_sizeFruits were usually twice the size of any of the 35 Russian varieties in the collection of similar age.‘Borealis’ has the distinction of having the best testing and largest fruit size in our breeding program as of 2007.page_block:0.90
147p1release_year_referenceBorealis was described as having the best tasting and largest fruit size in the breeding program as of 2007.‘Borealis’ has the distinction of having the best testing and largest fruit size in our breeding program as of 2007.page_block:0.90
146p1taxon_contextReferenced as a University of Saskatchewan haskap variety in the Lonicera caerulea breeding program.The Uof SK first varieties (Tundra, Borealis and the Indigo Series) were hybrids between Russian and Kuril accessions.page_block:0.90
146p1selection_origin_referenceEarly University of Saskatchewan breeding was limited to only four parents obtained in 1998.The Uof SK first varieties (Tundra, Borealis and the Indigo Series) were hybrids between Russian and Kuril accessions.page_block:0.90
146p1description_snippetThese early varieties showed superior characteristics for fruit quality and size compared to their parents.The Uof SK first varieties (Tundra, Borealis and the Indigo Series) were hybrids between Russian and Kuril accessions.page_block:0.90
146p1entry_pedigreeDescribed as one of the first University of Saskatchewan varieties, produced as hybrids between Russian and Kuril accessions.The Uof SK first varieties (Tundra, Borealis and the Indigo Series) were hybrids between Russian and Kuril accessions.page_block:0.90
143p2description_snippetFruit is harder to pick because it is hidden from view; one hand is needed to open the bush while the other picks.Borealis (9-94): Definitely only for home gardeners, the thick branching habit and wide leaves hides fruit and bushes look beautifully symmetrical and rounded.page_block:0.90
143p2keeping_qualityLate in the season the fruits come off cleanly.Borealis (9-94): Definitely only for home gardeners, the thick branching habit and wide leaves hides fruit and bushes look beautifully symmetrical and rounded.page_block:0.90
143p2culinary_useFor most of the season fruits hold on tight and tear when picked, so they need to be used right away.Borealis (9-94): Definitely only for home gardeners, the thick branching habit and wide leaves hides fruit and bushes look beautifully symmetrical and rounded.page_block:0.90
143p2growth_habitHas a thick branching habit, wide leaves, and a beautifully symmetrical rounded bush form, but the foliage hides fruit.Borealis (9-94): Definitely only for home gardeners, the thick branching habit and wide leaves hides fruit and bushes look beautifully symmetrical and rounded.page_block:0.90
143p2recommendation_contextDescribed as definitely only for home gardeners.Borealis (9-94): Definitely only for home gardeners, the thick branching habit and wide leaves hides fruit and bushes look beautifully symmetrical and rounded.page_block:0.90
143p2source_reference_abbreviationSelection/reference code given as 9-94.Borealis (9-94): Definitely only for home gardeners, the thick branching habit and wide leaves hides fruit and bushes look beautifully symmetrical and rounded.page_block:0.90
143p1description_snippetMentioned as a comparison variety; Aurora is described as having larger fruit, larger bushes, sweeter taste, and higher productivity than Borealis.Aurora... has larger fruit, larger bushes, sweeter taste and is more productive than Tundra, Borealis and the Indigos.page_block:0.90
141p1recommendation_contextIn 2010, six advanced selections were planned to be cross pollinated with Borealis and Tundra to check pollen compatibility and similar bloom time.The selection goal was to find a higher quality pollinator for our recently released varieties ‘Borealis’ and ‘Tundra’.page_block:0.90
141p1description_snippetBorealis and Tundra are stated to be too closely related and not to pollinate each other very well.The selection goal was to find a higher quality pollinator for our recently released varieties ‘Borealis’ and ‘Tundra’.page_block:0.90
141p1recommendation_contextThe selection goal was to find a higher quality pollinator for Borealis and Tundra.The selection goal was to find a higher quality pollinator for our recently released varieties ‘Borealis’ and ‘Tundra’.page_block:0.90
141p1release_year_referenceBorealis is described as one of the program's recently released varieties.The selection goal was to find a higher quality pollinator for our recently released varieties ‘Borealis’ and ‘Tundra’.page_block:0.90
131p4description_snippetThe page continues an inherited comparison of Aurora and Borealis attributes from the previous page, with the visible sentence stating that both show good mildew resistance.Also, both have good resistance level to mildew which is a problem in more southern locations.page_block:0.90
131p4entry_hardiness_observationBorealis is included with Aurora in the page's statement that both have good resistance to mildew, a problem in more southern locations.Also, both have good resistance level to mildew which is a problem in more southern locations.page_block:0.90
131p3taxon_context'Borealis' is a haskap plant; the page states haskap plants are not separated into male and female plants and all are capable of producing fruit with a compatible same-blooming comPerhaps 'Borealis' berries have a more lovely shape, but 'Aurora' berries are shockingly different.page_block:0.90
131p3entry_hardiness_observationAs with all haskap varieties, open flowers can take -7°Cwithout damage.Perhaps 'Borealis' berries have a more lovely shape, but 'Aurora' berries are shockingly different.page_block:0.90
131p3entry_hardiness_observation'Aurora' and 'Borealis' are fully hardy in Zone 2 at the breeding site in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.Perhaps 'Borealis' berries have a more lovely shape, but 'Aurora' berries are shockingly different.page_block:0.90
131p3recommendation_contextIf planting double rows along a fence or next to a building, plant 'Aurora' in the back and 'Borealis' in the front.Perhaps 'Borealis' berries have a more lovely shape, but 'Aurora' berries are shockingly different.page_block:0.90
131p3growth_habit'Borealis' is likely about 1/2 meter shorter than 'Aurora'.Perhaps 'Borealis' berries have a more lovely shape, but 'Aurora' berries are shockingly different.page_block:0.90
131p3growth_habit'Borealis' has a thick and compact growth habit that may have more appeal as a landscape shrub.Perhaps 'Borealis' berries have a more lovely shape, but 'Aurora' berries are shockingly different.page_block:0.90
131p3recommendation_contextOne 'Borealis' could pollinize 8 'Auroras' if the plants are in the same location and visible to bees.Perhaps 'Borealis' berries have a more lovely shape, but 'Aurora' berries are shockingly different.page_block:0.90
131p3description_snippet'Borealis' berries are described as perhaps having a more lovely shape than 'Aurora'.Perhaps 'Borealis' berries have a more lovely shape, but 'Aurora' berries are shockingly different.page_block:0.90
131p3flavor_profile'Aurora' and 'Borealis' have similar great flavour, but 'Aurora' tastes sweeter.Perhaps 'Borealis' berries have a more lovely shape, but 'Aurora' berries are shockingly different.page_block:0.90
131p2entry_pedigree'Borealis' parentage is listed as Kiev#8 x Tomichka.Table 1 compares 'Aurora' and 'Borealis'; the page also includes a fruit photograph labeled Borealis.page_block:0.90
131p2taxon_context'Borealis' lineage type is listed as Kurile x Russian.Table 1 compares 'Aurora' and 'Borealis'; the page also includes a fruit photograph labeled Borealis.page_block:0.90
131p2productivity'Borealis' productivity is listed as high.Table 1 compares 'Aurora' and 'Borealis'; the page also includes a fruit photograph labeled Borealis.page_block:0.90
131p2description_snippet'Borealis' bloom time in Saskatchewan is listed as mid May.Table 1 compares 'Aurora' and 'Borealis'; the page also includes a fruit photograph labeled Borealis.page_block:0.90
131p2flavor_profile'Borealis' flavour is listed as excellent.Table 1 compares 'Aurora' and 'Borealis'; the page also includes a fruit photograph labeled Borealis.page_block:0.90
131p2description_snippet'Borealis' fruit retention is listed as holds onto fruit.Table 1 compares 'Aurora' and 'Borealis'; the page also includes a fruit photograph labeled Borealis.page_block:0.90
131p2growth_habit'Borealis' bush height is listed as 4 to 4.5 ft.Table 1 compares 'Aurora' and 'Borealis'; the page also includes a fruit photograph labeled Borealis.page_block:0.90
131p2growth_habit'Borealis' bush shape is listed as wide spreading.Table 1 compares 'Aurora' and 'Borealis'; the page also includes a fruit photograph labeled Borealis.page_block:0.90
131p2description_snippet'Borealis' mildew resistance is listed as very high resistance.Table 1 compares 'Aurora' and 'Borealis'; the page also includes a fruit photograph labeled Borealis.page_block:0.90
131p2description_snippet'Borealis' season in Saskatchewan is listed as July to early August.Table 1 compares 'Aurora' and 'Borealis'; the page also includes a fruit photograph labeled Borealis.page_block:0.90
131p2description_snippet'Borealis' fruit are hidden by leaves.Table 1 compares 'Aurora' and 'Borealis'; the page also includes a fruit photograph labeled Borealis.page_block:0.90
131p2description_snippet'Borealis' fruit shape is described as oval & boxy.Table 1 compares 'Aurora' and 'Borealis'; the page also includes a fruit photograph labeled Borealis.page_block:0.90
131p2fruit_size'Borealis' fruit weight is listed as 1.6 grams.Table 1 compares 'Aurora' and 'Borealis'; the page also includes a fruit photograph labeled Borealis.page_block:0.90
131p2caption_contextThe page includes a photograph of harvested fruit with a label reading Borealis.Table 1 compares 'Aurora' and 'Borealis'; the page also includes a fruit photograph labeled Borealis.page_block:0.90
102p133caption_contextFigure 32 states that haskap bushes have branches close to the ground and that the pictured row was the source of selection for Borealis.This particular row was the one from which our new varieties ‘Borealis’ and ‘Tundra’ were selected.page_block:0.90
102p133selection_origin_referenceThe row shown in Figure 32 is identified as the row from which the variety Borealis was selected.This particular row was the one from which our new varieties ‘Borealis’ and ‘Tundra’ were selected.page_block:0.90
102p122description_snippetSelections that had big fat berries were the best in late holding quality comparisons.Selections that had big fat berries (like Borealis and Tundra) were the bestpage_block:0.90
102p122keeping_qualityIn the unharvested-row observation, Borealis was among the selections whose fruit quality held up best over time on the plant.Selections that had big fat berries (like Borealis and Tundra) were the bestpage_block:0.90
102p122fruit_sizeBorealis is described as having big fat berries.Selections that had big fat berries (like Borealis and Tundra) were the bestpage_block:0.90
102p117caption_contextFigure 1 identifies ‘Borealis’ as a cultivar for the home gardener.Figure 1- Left: ‘Borealis’ a cultivar for the home gardener.page_block:0.90
102p115description_snippetAvalid comparison would require vegetatively propagating Borealis and favorite new selections at the same time so plants were similar in size when planted.There were only a few plants that had berries with somewhat better fresh flavour than our ‘Borealis’ and ‘Tundra’ varieties.page_block:0.90
102p115recommendation_contextIf the new pollinator proves superior to Tundra, growers may wish to plant it in larger numbers and use Borealis and Tundra as pollinators.There were only a few plants that had berries with somewhat better fresh flavour than our ‘Borealis’ and ‘Tundra’ varieties.page_block:0.90
102p115recommendation_contextAfuture pollinator selection is being considered for release because it would bloom at the same time as Borealis and have compatible pollen.There were only a few plants that had berries with somewhat better fresh flavour than our ‘Borealis’ and ‘Tundra’ varieties.page_block:0.90
102p115growth_habitSeedlings in the newer breeding field were estimated to be growing about 50% faster or more than Borealis planted in the same field, though this was stated as an informal estimate There were only a few plants that had berries with somewhat better fresh flavour than our ‘Borealis’ and ‘Tundra’ varieties.page_block:0.90
102p115flavor_profileOnly a few new plants had berries with somewhat better fresh flavour than Borealis.There were only a few plants that had berries with somewhat better fresh flavour than our ‘Borealis’ and ‘Tundra’ varieties.page_block:0.90
102p110breeder_referencePresented as a University of Saskatchewan cultivar.Borealis Wet 1.62 short flat boxy sweet tart c+page_block:0.90
102p110keeping_qualityIntegrity rating is c+ based on berry condition after conditions mimicking mechanized harvesting and sorting.Borealis Wet 1.62 short flat boxy sweet tart c+page_block:0.90
102p110flavor_profileFlavour is sweet tart.Borealis Wet 1.62 short flat boxy sweet tart c+page_block:0.90
102p110description_snippetFruit shape is short flat boxy.Borealis Wet 1.62 short flat boxy sweet tart c+page_block:0.90
102p110fruit_sizeFruit weight is 1.62 g.Borealis Wet 1.62 short flat boxy sweet tart c+page_block:0.90
102p110release_year_referenceListed in a table of University of Saskatchewan cultivars released in 2007.Borealis Wet 1.62 short flat boxy sweet tart c+page_block:0.90
102p107recommendation_contextThe best seedlings from the Kiev #8 x Tomichka row were selected and released as new varieties after growers pressed for their release.In a sample of berries from 43 accessions sent to Dr. Ukai of the University of Hokkaido, 'Borealis' was selected as the best tasting.page_block:0.90
102p107anecdote_snippetBerries of this family brought to Hokkaido by Dr. Bors in 2008 received very favourable comments on flavour.In a sample of berries from 43 accessions sent to Dr. Ukai of the University of Hokkaido, 'Borealis' was selected as the best tasting.page_block:0.90
102p107flavor_profileBorealis was selected as the best tasting in a sample of berries from 43 accessions sent to Dr. Ukai of the University of Hokkaido.In a sample of berries from 43 accessions sent to Dr. Ukai of the University of Hokkaido, 'Borealis' was selected as the best tasting.page_block:0.90
102p106description_snippetToo fragile for mechanization.The variety 'Borealis' is recommended for the home gardeners. It had the largest fruit and best flavour but is too fragile for mechanization.page_block:0.90
102p106flavor_profileDescribed as having the best flavour among the varieties being discussed.The variety 'Borealis' is recommended for the home gardeners. It had the largest fruit and best flavour but is too fragile for mechanization.page_block:0.90
102p106fruit_sizeDescribed as having the largest fruit among the varieties being discussed.The variety 'Borealis' is recommended for the home gardeners. It had the largest fruit and best flavour but is too fragile for mechanization.page_block:0.90
102p106recommendation_contextRecommended for home gardeners.The variety 'Borealis' is recommended for the home gardeners. It had the largest fruit and best flavour but is too fragile for mechanization.page_block:0.90
102p106entry_pedigreeFrom the cross Kiev#8 x Tomichka.The variety 'Borealis' is recommended for the home gardeners. It had the largest fruit and best flavour but is too fragile for mechanization.page_block:0.90
102p106release_year_referenceOne of two varieties named and released in 2007.The variety 'Borealis' is recommended for the home gardeners. It had the largest fruit and best flavour but is too fragile for mechanization.page_block:0.90
102p98caption_contextBorealis was compared against Tundra and the Indigo varieties in hand-harvest and sorting-line durability testing.The Indigo series varieties are sisters to ‘Borealis’ (breeding ID ‘9-94’) and ‘Tundra’ (breeding ID ‘9-84’).page_block:0.90
102p98keeping_qualityIn sorting-line durability tests, Borealis was rated the most fragile fruit among the compared varieties.The Indigo series varieties are sisters to ‘Borealis’ (breeding ID ‘9-94’) and ‘Tundra’ (breeding ID ‘9-84’).page_block:0.90
102p98description_snippetAll five Row 9-related varieties discussed here are closely related and share the same mother and father.The Indigo series varieties are sisters to ‘Borealis’ (breeding ID ‘9-94’) and ‘Tundra’ (breeding ID ‘9-84’).page_block:0.90
102p98selection_origin_referenceBorealis had breeding ID 9-94.The Indigo series varieties are sisters to ‘Borealis’ (breeding ID ‘9-94’) and ‘Tundra’ (breeding ID ‘9-84’).page_block:0.90
102p98entry_pedigreeBorealis is identified as a sister to the Indigo series varieties within the same closely related family group.The Indigo series varieties are sisters to ‘Borealis’ (breeding ID ‘9-94’) and ‘Tundra’ (breeding ID ‘9-84’).page_block:0.90
102p79taxon_contextBorealis is referenced here as a haskap variety within the University of Saskatchewan program context.the fruit of 4 important breeding parents and out ‘Borealis’ and ‘Tundra’ varietiespage_block:0.90
102p79description_snippetJames Dawson's thesis work tracked production of six healthy compounds through the growing season in leaves and fruit, including the variety Borealis.the fruit of 4 important breeding parents and out ‘Borealis’ and ‘Tundra’ varietiespage_block:0.90
102p77recommendation_contextThe cultivar is used here as the greenhouse test subject for comparing mildew infection outcomes across treatments and plant ages.Table 31. Interaction of treatments and age of plants on % mildew infection in greenhouse grown 'Borealis' haskap plants.page_block:0.90
102p77description_snippetIn the table, the highest reported mean infection is for Control + old plants at 19.8, while Garlic + young and Control + young are both reported at 0.0.Table 31. Interaction of treatments and age of plants on % mildew infection in greenhouse grown 'Borealis' haskap plants.page_block:0.90
102p77caption_contextTable 31 reports the interaction of treatment and plant age on percent mildew infection in greenhouse-grown 'Borealis' haskap plants.Table 31. Interaction of treatments and age of plants on % mildew infection in greenhouse grown 'Borealis' haskap plants.page_block:0.90
102p76anecdote_snippetThe text states mildew was initially difficult to establish in the greenhouse, but once established it nearly doubled within the first week and growers should treat symptoms immediTable 30. Progression of mildew infection for all treatments under greenhouse conditions for 'Borealis' Haskap.page_block:0.90
102p76description_snippetMean infection by treatment was reported as Control 9.9, UV-C 4.9, Milk 3.7, F-Mix 3.5, Garlic 2.1, and Sulfur 1.2, with letter groupings indicating statistical overlap.Table 30. Progression of mildew infection for all treatments under greenhouse conditions for 'Borealis' Haskap.page_block:0.90
102p76description_snippetFor all treatments combined, mildew infection progressed from 2.4% on Dec-13 to 4.5% on Dec-20 and 5.6% on Jan-10 under greenhouse conditions.Table 30. Progression of mildew infection for all treatments under greenhouse conditions for 'Borealis' Haskap.page_block:0.90
102p76taxon_contextBorealis is discussed here as a haskap cultivar in a greenhouse mildew-infection experiment.Table 30. Progression of mildew infection for all treatments under greenhouse conditions for 'Borealis' Haskap.page_block:0.90
102p75description_snippetOlder plants had more than three times the infection rate of younger plants, averaging 6.5% compared to 1.9% over the three observation dates.Table 28. ANOVA for various treatments against mildew in the greenhouse for 'Borealis' haskap plants.page_block:0.90
102p75description_snippetSulphur gave the lowest mean infection, but was statistically similar to milk, F-mix, and garlic treatments.Table 28. ANOVA for various treatments against mildew in the greenhouse for 'Borealis' haskap plants.page_block:0.90
102p75recommendation_contextFor 'Borealis' haskap plants, all treatments were significantly better than the control in reducing mildew infection.Table 28. ANOVA for various treatments against mildew in the greenhouse for 'Borealis' haskap plants.page_block:0.90
102p75description_snippetVarious treatments against mildew were evaluated in the greenhouse for 'Borealis' haskap plants.Table 28. ANOVA for various treatments against mildew in the greenhouse for 'Borealis' haskap plants.page_block:0.90
102p75taxon_context'Borealis' is discussed here as a haskap cultivar in a greenhouse mildew-control experiment.Table 28. ANOVA for various treatments against mildew in the greenhouse for 'Borealis' haskap plants.page_block:0.90
102p74anecdote_snippetPlants were transplanted into one-litre pots and used to evaluate how much UV-Cradiation leaves could tolerate before damage occurred.Firstly, two year old Borealis plants were placed in a cooler for two months and were brought out of the cooler at three different times so that testing could be done on new leaves as well as mature leaves.page_block:0.90
102p74recommendation_contextBorealis plants were placed in a cooler for two months and then removed at staggered times so testing could compare new leaves and mature leaves.Firstly, two year old Borealis plants were placed in a cooler for two months and were brought out of the cooler at three different times so that testing could be done on new leaves as well as mature leaves.page_block:0.90
102p74description_snippetTwo-year-old Borealis plants were used in the greenhouse mildew-prevention experiment.Firstly, two year old Borealis plants were placed in a cooler for two months and were brought out of the cooler at three different times so that testing could be done on new leaves as well as mature leaves.page_block:0.90
102p72description_snippetExperimental Indigo varieties were released in case Borealis and Tundra proved hard to propagate or had field difficulties.The Indigo series varieties are full sibs of 'Borealis' and 'Tundra'.page_block:0.90
102p72recommendation_contextThe Indigo plants were considered runner-ups to Borealis and Tundra.The Indigo series varieties are full sibs of 'Borealis' and 'Tundra'.page_block:0.90
102p72entry_pedigreeThe Indigo series varieties are full siblings of Borealis and Tundra.The Indigo series varieties are full sibs of 'Borealis' and 'Tundra'.page_block:0.90
102p71recommendation_contextThis named cultivar appears in the comparison cultivar section at the bottom of the table.Borealis 1.607 12.0 1.93 4 3 5 3 3.75page_block:0.90
102p71description_snippetBrix 12.0, acid 1.93, sweet 4, sour 3, bitter 5, aroma 3, overall taste 3.75.Borealis 1.607 12.0 1.93 4 3 5 3 3.75page_block:0.90
102p71fruit_sizeBerry weight is listed as 1.607 g.Borealis 1.607 12.0 1.93 4 3 5 3 3.75page_block:0.90
102p64description_snippetTable 25 lists Borealis with soluble solids of 11.4 brix, pH 3.39, and total acidity of 2.42% citric acid.BOREALIS 11.4 3.39 2.42page_block:0.90
102p63flavor_profileFruit quality ratings: texture 5, bloom 3, sweetness 3, sour 4, bitterness 5, aroma 1, average 3.5.BOREALIS 5 3 3 4 5 1 3.5page_block:0.90
102p63recommendation_contextBorealis had been the program's standard for excellent flavour in this table.BOREALIS 5 3 3 4 5 1 3.5page_block:0.90
102p62description_snippetThe table subtitle states that 'Borealis' fruit had been the largest of a previous generation.BOREALIS 16.8 12.1 10.7 1.4page_block:0.90
102p62fruit_sizeTable 23 reports Borealis berry dimensions as 16.8 mm length, 12.1 mm width, and 10.7 mm depth, with berry weight 1.4 grams.BOREALIS 16.8 12.1 10.7 1.4page_block:0.90
102p61description_snippetBorealis is used here as a comparison cultivar against newer advanced selections.‘Borealis’ is the fourth berry in the 2nd row. But the ‘Borealis’ bushes are growing at a much slower rate than the newer seedlings. We have seen much larger ‘Borealis’ berries on the older original plantpage_block:0.90
102p61fruit_sizeMuch larger Borealis berries had been seen on the older original plant, and the author expected berries from this field to become larger as the bushes approached full size.‘Borealis’ is the fourth berry in the 2nd row. But the ‘Borealis’ bushes are growing at a much slower rate than the newer seedlings. We have seen much larger ‘Borealis’ berries on the older original plantpage_block:0.90
102p61growth_habitBorealis bushes were growing at a much slower rate than the newer seedlings.‘Borealis’ is the fourth berry in the 2nd row. But the ‘Borealis’ bushes are growing at a much slower rate than the newer seedlings. We have seen much larger ‘Borealis’ berries on the older original plantpage_block:0.90
102p61caption_contextIn Figure 21, Borealis is identified as the fourth berry in the second row among superior Block 6 selections.‘Borealis’ is the fourth berry in the 2nd row. But the ‘Borealis’ bushes are growing at a much slower rate than the newer seedlings. We have seen much larger ‘Borealis’ berries on the older original plantpage_block:0.90
102p60description_snippetThe report notes that Borealis fruit will likely get larger as the bushes get bigger, so the observed smaller fruit may reflect plant age and size rather than final potential.The ‘Borealis’ plants in Block 6 began to fruit for the first time and so could be used as a control in that field to aid in comparison.page_block:0.90
102p60growth_habitThe ‘Borealis’ plants were smaller and less vigorous than most seedlings in Block 6.The ‘Borealis’ plants in Block 6 began to fruit for the first time and so could be used as a control in that field to aid in comparison.page_block:0.90
102p60fruit_size‘Borealis’ had smaller fruit than most seedlings in this field at that stage.The ‘Borealis’ plants in Block 6 began to fruit for the first time and so could be used as a control in that field to aid in comparison.page_block:0.90
102p60productivityThe ‘Borealis’ plants in Block 6 began to fruit for the first time in 2010.The ‘Borealis’ plants in Block 6 began to fruit for the first time and so could be used as a control in that field to aid in comparison.page_block:0.90
102p60recommendation_context‘Borealis’ was used as a control cultivar in Block 6 to aid comparison with new selections in 2010.The ‘Borealis’ plants in Block 6 began to fruit for the first time and so could be used as a control in that field to aid in comparison.page_block:0.90
102p58recommendation_contextIn a gardening situation, ‘Honey Bee’ should be put on the north side of ‘Borealis’ or far enough away that it will not crowd it or reduce the sunshine.perhaps ‘Honey Bee’ might be considered just as desirable and both would could be called “companion varieties.”page_block:0.90
102p58recommendation_contextOne ‘Honey Bee’ could provide pollen for 4 to 8 ‘Borealis’ plants if planted in close proximity.perhaps ‘Honey Bee’ might be considered just as desirable and both would could be called “companion varieties.”page_block:0.90
102p58recommendation_context‘Honey Bee’ and ‘Borealis’ both need each other to set fruit.perhaps ‘Honey Bee’ might be considered just as desirable and both would could be called “companion varieties.”page_block:0.90
102p58recommendation_contextIn a homeowner planting with ‘Borealis,’ ‘Honey Bee’ is suggested as a companion variety rather than an inferior pollinator-only type.perhaps ‘Honey Bee’ might be considered just as desirable and both would could be called “companion varieties.”page_block:0.90
102p57entry_pedigreeThe Indigo series are described as siblings of Borealis and Tundra.‘Honey Bee’ was the best choice because it alone bloomed at the right time and gave good fruit set when crossed to ‘Borealis’ and ‘Tundra’.page_block:0.90
102p57recommendation_contextHoney Bee gave good fruit set when crossed to Borealis.‘Honey Bee’ was the best choice because it alone bloomed at the right time and gave good fruit set when crossed to ‘Borealis’ and ‘Tundra’.page_block:0.90
102p56caption_contextBorealis is included in the leaf comparison figure alongside Tundra, Indigo Gem, and Honey Bee.The original plant of ‘Honey Bee’ is at least 50% taller than the ‘Borealis’ plants in the same row.page_block:0.90
102p56growth_habitBorealis plants in the same row are at least 50% shorter than the original Honey Bee plant.The original plant of ‘Honey Bee’ is at least 50% taller than the ‘Borealis’ plants in the same row.page_block:0.90
102p54description_snippetOne propagation company reportedly found 6-24-18 to propagate faster than ‘Borealis’.In the spring of 2010 all of the six selections were observed to see if bloom would occur at the same time as ‘Borealis’ and ‘Tundra’.page_block:0.90
102p54recommendation_context‘Borealis’ was used as a bloom-time and pollen-compatibility comparison cultivar in pollinator selection testing.In the spring of 2010 all of the six selections were observed to see if bloom would occur at the same time as ‘Borealis’ and ‘Tundra’.page_block:0.90
102p52description_snippetBorealis does not pollinate Tundra and the Indigo series very well because of close relatedness.Our currently released varieties, ‘Borealis’ and ‘Tundra’, and the ‘Indigo’ series are too closely related (full sibs) and therefore do not pollinate each other very well.page_block:0.90
102p52entry_pedigreeBorealis is described as too closely related to Tundra and the Indigo series, identified here as full sibs.Our currently released varieties, ‘Borealis’ and ‘Tundra’, and the ‘Indigo’ series are too closely related (full sibs) and therefore do not pollinate each other very well.page_block:0.90
102p52recommendation_contextBorealis is one of the program's currently released varieties.Our currently released varieties, ‘Borealis’ and ‘Tundra’, and the ‘Indigo’ series are too closely related (full sibs) and therefore do not pollinate each other very well.page_block:0.90
102p45source_reference_abbreviationTable 16 lists 2010 crosses involving Borealis with various hybrids, Japanese germplasm, Tundra, Hamish, and Indigo Gem.Many crosses were done between our existing best cultivars, ‘Borealis’ and ‘Tundra’ and superior selections in our breeding program.page_block:0.90
102p45description_snippetHaskap requires crosspollination between 2 compatible varieties in order to get fruit set; Borealis is treated within that pollination-testing context on this page.Many crosses were done between our existing best cultivars, ‘Borealis’ and ‘Tundra’ and superior selections in our breeding program.page_block:0.90
102p45recommendation_contextMany crosses involving Borealis were done to verify possible pollinators and to incorporate worthwhile traits.Many crosses were done between our existing best cultivars, ‘Borealis’ and ‘Tundra’ and superior selections in our breeding program.page_block:0.90
102p45description_snippetBorealis is identified as one of the program's existing best cultivars.Many crosses were done between our existing best cultivars, ‘Borealis’ and ‘Tundra’ and superior selections in our breeding program.page_block:0.90
102p6description_snippetReferenced in table listings for berry dimensions, mass, and greenhouse mildew experiments.Table 23. Dimensions and mass of haskap berries from 2010 advanced selections. 'Borealis' fruit had been the largest of a previous generation.page_block:0.90
102p6caption_contextMultiple listed tables concern mildew treatments and mildew progression for 'Borealis' haskap under greenhouse conditions.Table 23. Dimensions and mass of haskap berries from 2010 advanced selections. 'Borealis' fruit had been the largest of a previous generation.page_block:0.90
102p6fruit_sizeAtable title states that 'Borealis' fruit had been the largest of a previous generation.Table 23. Dimensions and mass of haskap berries from 2010 advanced selections. 'Borealis' fruit had been the largest of a previous generation.page_block:0.90
102p5caption_contextMentioned in the List of Tables as the subject of Tables 16 and 22.Table 16. Crosses between various hybrids and Japanese germplasm and our varieties 'Tundra', 'Borealis', and 'Indigo Gem' in 2010.page_block:0.90
102p5recommendation_contextTable 22 concerns observations and tests to determine a pollinator variety for 'Tundra' and 'Borealis'.Table 16. Crosses between various hybrids and Japanese germplasm and our varieties 'Tundra', 'Borealis', and 'Indigo Gem' in 2010.page_block:0.90
102p5description_snippetReferenced as one of the program's named varieties used in crosses with various hybrids and Japanese germplasm in 2010.Table 16. Crosses between various hybrids and Japanese germplasm and our varieties 'Tundra', 'Borealis', and 'Indigo Gem' in 2010.page_block:0.90
110p7description_snippetSame multi-variety field observations note that some types showed late fruit dehydration while others retained fruit, with Borealis grouped with high-performing big-fruited selectiIn 2006 & 2007 we left a row of plants unharvested to see how long the fruit would still be good... Selections that had big fat berries (like Borealis and Tundra) were the best, but thin tubular Russian types dehydrated page_block:0.90
110p7keeping_qualityIn unharvested row tests, berries remained good at least through late August to early September depending on year conditions, implying extended field-holding potential for larger-fIn 2006 & 2007 we left a row of plants unharvested to see how long the fruit would still be good... Selections that had big fat berries (like Borealis and Tundra) were the best, but thin tubular Russian types dehydrated page_block:0.90
110p7fruit_sizeBorealis is explicitly cited as a selection with large, fat berries and judged among the best in unharvested holding trials.In 2006 & 2007 we left a row of plants unharvested to see how long the fruit would still be good... Selections that had big fat berries (like Borealis and Tundra) were the best, but thin tubular Russian types dehydrated page_block:0.90
110p3anecdote_snippetLeaves of Borealis showed less powdery mildew than other tested varieties in this program context.In 2007 we released two named varieties ‘Borealis’ and ‘Tundra’ and 3 test selections: 9-91, 9-92 and 9-15. These 5 are Russian / Kuril-Island hybrids. They have fruit much larger than Russian cultivars currently on the page_block:0.90
110p3description_snippetBorealis has a nice round shape.In 2007 we released two named varieties ‘Borealis’ and ‘Tundra’ and 3 test selections: 9-91, 9-92 and 9-15. These 5 are Russian / Kuril-Island hybrids. They have fruit much larger than Russian cultivars currently on the page_block:0.90
110p3flavor_profileBorealis is described as tasting better than other compared Russian cultivars.In 2007 we released two named varieties ‘Borealis’ and ‘Tundra’ and 3 test selections: 9-91, 9-92 and 9-15. These 5 are Russian / Kuril-Island hybrids. They have fruit much larger than Russian cultivars currently on the page_block:0.90
110p3fruit_sizeBorealis is described as having fruit much larger than Russian cultivars then on the North American market.In 2007 we released two named varieties ‘Borealis’ and ‘Tundra’ and 3 test selections: 9-91, 9-92 and 9-15. These 5 are Russian / Kuril-Island hybrids. They have fruit much larger than Russian cultivars currently on the page_block:0.90
110p3entry_pedigreeBorealis is part of a group identified as Russian/Kuril-Island hybrids.In 2007 we released two named varieties ‘Borealis’ and ‘Tundra’ and 3 test selections: 9-91, 9-92 and 9-15. These 5 are Russian / Kuril-Island hybrids. They have fruit much larger than Russian cultivars currently on the page_block:0.90
110p3release_year_referenceBorealis was released by the Uof Sprogram in 2007 as one of two named Russian/Kuril-Island hybrid cultivars.In 2007 we released two named varieties ‘Borealis’ and ‘Tundra’ and 3 test selections: 9-91, 9-92 and 9-15. These 5 are Russian / Kuril-Island hybrids. They have fruit much larger than Russian cultivars currently on the page_block:0.90
110p2description_snippetBorealis is presented as a new haskap cultivar in a figure-caption context.Figure 1. 'Borealis' is a new cultivar recommended for home gardeners.page_block:0.90
110p2recommendation_contextFigure 1 identifies 'Borealis' as a new cultivar and explicitly states it is recommended for home gardeners.Figure 1. 'Borealis' is a new cultivar recommended for home gardeners.page_block:0.90

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Evidence Claims

TypeClaimConfidence
flavor_profileThe flavour explanation states there was a preference for Borealis as the best tasting of the compared group.0.88
description_snippetThe explanatory text says Borealis is either a late variety or may always have a wet scar.0.86
description_snippetScar is listed as wet; stems rating is a; integrity rating is c+.0.90
description_snippetFruit shape is listed as short flat boxy; fruit end is listed as small + bb.0.90
productivityYield is listed as average.0.90
flavor_profileFlavour is listed as sweet tart.0.92
fruit_sizeAverage fruit weight is listed as 1.62 g in the 2007 table.0.93
description_snippetIf shake harvested, the berries will be damaged and need quick processing.0.94
recommendation_contextMay be best for home gardeners or U-pick operations that can hand pick the delicate fruit.0.96
culinary_useNot suitable for IQF because it does not have the firmness of Tundra and tends to get mushy when handled with equipment.0.98
flavor_profileChosen by the breeder and a University panel as having the best flavour; a Japanese company also chose it as the best tasting of 43 samples.0.98
fruit_sizeFruits were usually twice the size of any of the 35 Russian varieties in the collection of similar age.0.96
release_year_referenceBorealis was described as having the best tasting and largest fruit size in the breeding program as of 2007.0.96
taxon_contextReferenced as a University of Saskatchewan haskap variety in the Lonicera caerulea breeding program.0.92
selection_origin_referenceEarly University of Saskatchewan breeding was limited to only four parents obtained in 1998.0.88
description_snippetThese early varieties showed superior characteristics for fruit quality and size compared to their parents.0.90
entry_pedigreeDescribed as one of the first University of Saskatchewan varieties, produced as hybrids between Russian and Kuril accessions.0.94
description_snippetFruit is harder to pick because it is hidden from view; one hand is needed to open the bush while the other picks.0.96
keeping_qualityLate in the season the fruits come off cleanly.0.92
culinary_useFor most of the season fruits hold on tight and tear when picked, so they need to be used right away.0.94
growth_habitHas a thick branching habit, wide leaves, and a beautifully symmetrical rounded bush form, but the foliage hides fruit.0.96
recommendation_contextDescribed as definitely only for home gardeners.0.98
source_reference_abbreviationSelection/reference code given as 9-94.0.98
description_snippetMentioned as a comparison variety; Aurora is described as having larger fruit, larger bushes, sweeter taste, and higher productivity than Borealis.0.94
recommendation_contextIn 2010, six advanced selections were planned to be cross pollinated with Borealis and Tundra to check pollen compatibility and similar bloom time.0.94
description_snippetBorealis and Tundra are stated to be too closely related and not to pollinate each other very well.0.96
recommendation_contextThe selection goal was to find a higher quality pollinator for Borealis and Tundra.0.97
release_year_referenceBorealis is described as one of the program's recently released varieties.0.90
description_snippetThe page continues an inherited comparison of Aurora and Borealis attributes from the previous page, with the visible sentence stating that both show good mildew resistance.0.86
entry_hardiness_observationBorealis is included with Aurora in the page's statement that both have good resistance to mildew, a problem in more southern locations.0.86
taxon_context'Borealis' is a haskap plant; the page states haskap plants are not separated into male and female plants and all are capable of producing fruit with a compatible same-blooming companion and bees.0.96
entry_hardiness_observationAs with all haskap varieties, open flowers can take -7°C without damage.0.94
entry_hardiness_observation'Aurora' and 'Borealis' are fully hardy in Zone 2 at the breeding site in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.0.97
recommendation_contextIf planting double rows along a fence or next to a building, plant 'Aurora' in the back and 'Borealis' in the front.0.97
growth_habit'Borealis' is likely about 1/2 meter shorter than 'Aurora'.0.94
growth_habit'Borealis' has a thick and compact growth habit that may have more appeal as a landscape shrub.0.96
recommendation_contextOne 'Borealis' could pollinize 8 'Auroras' if the plants are in the same location and visible to bees.0.97
description_snippet'Borealis' berries are described as perhaps having a more lovely shape than 'Aurora'.0.93
flavor_profile'Aurora' and 'Borealis' have similar great flavour, but 'Aurora' tastes sweeter.0.97
entry_pedigree'Borealis' parentage is listed as Kiev#8 x Tomichka.0.98
taxon_context'Borealis' lineage type is listed as Kurile x Russian.0.97
productivity'Borealis' productivity is listed as high.0.98
description_snippet'Borealis' bloom time in Saskatchewan is listed as mid May.0.98
flavor_profile'Borealis' flavour is listed as excellent.0.98
description_snippet'Borealis' fruit retention is listed as holds onto fruit.0.97
growth_habit'Borealis' bush height is listed as 4 to 4.5 ft.0.98
growth_habit'Borealis' bush shape is listed as wide spreading.0.98
description_snippet'Borealis' mildew resistance is listed as very high resistance.0.98
description_snippet'Borealis' season in Saskatchewan is listed as July to early August.0.98
description_snippet'Borealis' fruit are hidden by leaves.0.97
description_snippet'Borealis' fruit shape is described as oval & boxy.0.98
fruit_size'Borealis' fruit weight is listed as 1.6 grams.0.98
caption_contextThe page includes a photograph of harvested fruit with a label reading Borealis.0.99
caption_contextFigure 32 states that haskap bushes have branches close to the ground and that the pictured row was the source of selection for Borealis.0.95
selection_origin_referenceThe row shown in Figure 32 is identified as the row from which the variety Borealis was selected.0.95
description_snippetSelections that had big fat berries were the best in late holding quality comparisons.0.83
keeping_qualityIn the unharvested-row observation, Borealis was among the selections whose fruit quality held up best over time on the plant.0.90
fruit_sizeBorealis is described as having big fat berries.0.95
caption_contextFigure 1 identifies ‘Borealis’ as a cultivar for the home gardener.0.97
description_snippetA valid comparison would require vegetatively propagating Borealis and favorite new selections at the same time so plants were similar in size when planted.0.87
recommendation_contextIf the new pollinator proves superior to Tundra, growers may wish to plant it in larger numbers and use Borealis and Tundra as pollinators.0.88
recommendation_contextA future pollinator selection is being considered for release because it would bloom at the same time as Borealis and have compatible pollen.0.94
growth_habitSeedlings in the newer breeding field were estimated to be growing about 50% faster or more than Borealis planted in the same field, though this was stated as an informal estimate rather than a controlled comparison.0.79
flavor_profileOnly a few new plants had berries with somewhat better fresh flavour than Borealis.0.94
breeder_referencePresented as a University of Saskatchewan cultivar.0.96
keeping_qualityIntegrity rating is c+ based on berry condition after conditions mimicking mechanized harvesting and sorting.0.99
flavor_profileFlavour is sweet tart.0.98
description_snippetFruit shape is short flat boxy.0.98
fruit_sizeFruit weight is 1.62 g.0.99
release_year_referenceListed in a table of University of Saskatchewan cultivars released in 2007.0.98
recommendation_contextThe best seedlings from the Kiev #8 x Tomichka row were selected and released as new varieties after growers pressed for their release.0.73
anecdote_snippetBerries of this family brought to Hokkaido by Dr. Bors in 2008 received very favourable comments on flavour.0.82
flavor_profileBorealis was selected as the best tasting in a sample of berries from 43 accessions sent to Dr. Ukai of the University of Hokkaido.0.99
description_snippetToo fragile for mechanization.0.96
flavor_profileDescribed as having the best flavour among the varieties being discussed.0.95
fruit_sizeDescribed as having the largest fruit among the varieties being discussed.0.95
recommendation_contextRecommended for home gardeners.0.97
entry_pedigreeFrom the cross Kiev#8 x Tomichka.0.98
release_year_referenceOne of two varieties named and released in 2007.0.98
caption_contextBorealis was compared against Tundra and the Indigo varieties in hand-harvest and sorting-line durability testing.0.94
keeping_qualityIn sorting-line durability tests, Borealis was rated the most fragile fruit among the compared varieties.0.97
description_snippetAll five Row 9-related varieties discussed here are closely related and share the same mother and father.0.88
selection_origin_referenceBorealis had breeding ID 9-94.0.99
entry_pedigreeBorealis is identified as a sister to the Indigo series varieties within the same closely related family group.0.95
taxon_contextBorealis is referenced here as a haskap variety within the University of Saskatchewan program context.0.90
description_snippetJames Dawson's thesis work tracked production of six healthy compounds through the growing season in leaves and fruit, including the variety Borealis.0.93
recommendation_contextThe cultivar is used here as the greenhouse test subject for comparing mildew infection outcomes across treatments and plant ages.0.88
description_snippetIn the table, the highest reported mean infection is for Control + old plants at 19.8, while Garlic + young and Control + young are both reported at 0.0.0.91
caption_contextTable 31 reports the interaction of treatment and plant age on percent mildew infection in greenhouse-grown 'Borealis' haskap plants.0.96
anecdote_snippetThe text states mildew was initially difficult to establish in the greenhouse, but once established it nearly doubled within the first week and growers should treat symptoms immediately when they appear.0.86
description_snippetMean infection by treatment was reported as Control 9.9, UV-C 4.9, Milk 3.7, F-Mix 3.5, Garlic 2.1, and Sulfur 1.2, with letter groupings indicating statistical overlap.0.89
description_snippetFor all treatments combined, mildew infection progressed from 2.4% on Dec-13 to 4.5% on Dec-20 and 5.6% on Jan-10 under greenhouse conditions.0.93
taxon_contextBorealis is discussed here as a haskap cultivar in a greenhouse mildew-infection experiment.0.95
description_snippetOlder plants had more than three times the infection rate of younger plants, averaging 6.5% compared to 1.9% over the three observation dates.0.88
description_snippetSulphur gave the lowest mean infection, but was statistically similar to milk, F-mix, and garlic treatments.0.90
recommendation_contextFor 'Borealis' haskap plants, all treatments were significantly better than the control in reducing mildew infection.0.90
description_snippetVarious treatments against mildew were evaluated in the greenhouse for 'Borealis' haskap plants.0.95
taxon_context'Borealis' is discussed here as a haskap cultivar in a greenhouse mildew-control experiment.0.97
anecdote_snippetPlants were transplanted into one-litre pots and used to evaluate how much UV-C radiation leaves could tolerate before damage occurred.0.90
recommendation_contextBorealis plants were placed in a cooler for two months and then removed at staggered times so testing could compare new leaves and mature leaves.0.92
description_snippetTwo-year-old Borealis plants were used in the greenhouse mildew-prevention experiment.0.97
description_snippetExperimental Indigo varieties were released in case Borealis and Tundra proved hard to propagate or had field difficulties.0.90
recommendation_contextThe Indigo plants were considered runner-ups to Borealis and Tundra.0.91
entry_pedigreeThe Indigo series varieties are full siblings of Borealis and Tundra.0.95
recommendation_contextThis named cultivar appears in the comparison cultivar section at the bottom of the table.0.98
description_snippetBrix 12.0, acid 1.93, sweet 4, sour 3, bitter 5, aroma 3, overall taste 3.75.0.99
fruit_sizeBerry weight is listed as 1.607 g.0.99
description_snippetTable 25 lists Borealis with soluble solids of 11.4 brix, pH 3.39, and total acidity of 2.42% citric acid.0.99
flavor_profileFruit quality ratings: texture 5, bloom 3, sweetness 3, sour 4, bitterness 5, aroma 1, average 3.5.0.99
recommendation_contextBorealis had been the program's standard for excellent flavour in this table.0.98
description_snippetThe table subtitle states that 'Borealis' fruit had been the largest of a previous generation.0.97
fruit_sizeTable 23 reports Borealis berry dimensions as 16.8 mm length, 12.1 mm width, and 10.7 mm depth, with berry weight 1.4 grams.0.99
description_snippetBorealis is used here as a comparison cultivar against newer advanced selections.0.88
fruit_sizeMuch larger Borealis berries had been seen on the older original plant, and the author expected berries from this field to become larger as the bushes approached full size.0.93
growth_habitBorealis bushes were growing at a much slower rate than the newer seedlings.0.96
caption_contextIn Figure 21, Borealis is identified as the fourth berry in the second row among superior Block 6 selections.0.98
description_snippetThe report notes that Borealis fruit will likely get larger as the bushes get bigger, so the observed smaller fruit may reflect plant age and size rather than final potential.0.90
growth_habitThe ‘Borealis’ plants were smaller and less vigorous than most seedlings in Block 6.0.91
fruit_size‘Borealis’ had smaller fruit than most seedlings in this field at that stage.0.89
productivityThe ‘Borealis’ plants in Block 6 began to fruit for the first time in 2010.0.87
recommendation_context‘Borealis’ was used as a control cultivar in Block 6 to aid comparison with new selections in 2010.0.95
recommendation_contextIn a gardening situation, ‘Honey Bee’ should be put on the north side of ‘Borealis’ or far enough away that it will not crowd it or reduce the sunshine.0.95
recommendation_contextOne ‘Honey Bee’ could provide pollen for 4 to 8 ‘Borealis’ plants if planted in close proximity.0.94
recommendation_context‘Honey Bee’ and ‘Borealis’ both need each other to set fruit.0.92
recommendation_contextIn a homeowner planting with ‘Borealis,’ ‘Honey Bee’ is suggested as a companion variety rather than an inferior pollinator-only type.0.95
entry_pedigreeThe Indigo series are described as siblings of Borealis and Tundra.0.79
recommendation_contextHoney Bee gave good fruit set when crossed to Borealis.0.97
caption_contextBorealis is included in the leaf comparison figure alongside Tundra, Indigo Gem, and Honey Bee.0.93
growth_habitBorealis plants in the same row are at least 50% shorter than the original Honey Bee plant.0.90
description_snippetOne propagation company reportedly found 6-24-18 to propagate faster than ‘Borealis’.0.92
recommendation_context‘Borealis’ was used as a bloom-time and pollen-compatibility comparison cultivar in pollinator selection testing.0.96
description_snippetBorealis does not pollinate Tundra and the Indigo series very well because of close relatedness.0.95
entry_pedigreeBorealis is described as too closely related to Tundra and the Indigo series, identified here as full sibs.0.90
recommendation_contextBorealis is one of the program's currently released varieties.0.94
source_reference_abbreviationTable 16 lists 2010 crosses involving Borealis with various hybrids, Japanese germplasm, Tundra, Hamish, and Indigo Gem.0.98
description_snippetHaskap requires crosspollination between 2 compatible varieties in order to get fruit set; Borealis is treated within that pollination-testing context on this page.0.90
recommendation_contextMany crosses involving Borealis were done to verify possible pollinators and to incorporate worthwhile traits.0.95
description_snippetBorealis is identified as one of the program's existing best cultivars.0.99
description_snippetReferenced in table listings for berry dimensions, mass, and greenhouse mildew experiments.0.91
caption_contextMultiple listed tables concern mildew treatments and mildew progression for 'Borealis' haskap under greenhouse conditions.0.96
fruit_sizeA table title states that 'Borealis' fruit had been the largest of a previous generation.0.97
caption_contextMentioned in the List of Tables as the subject of Tables 16 and 22.0.97
recommendation_contextTable 22 concerns observations and tests to determine a pollinator variety for 'Tundra' and 'Borealis'.0.96
description_snippetReferenced as one of the program's named varieties used in crosses with various hybrids and Japanese germplasm in 2010.0.95
description_snippetSame multi-variety field observations note that some types showed late fruit dehydration while others retained fruit, with Borealis grouped with high-performing big-fruited selections.0.68
keeping_qualityIn unharvested row tests, berries remained good at least through late August to early September depending on year conditions, implying extended field-holding potential for larger-fruited selections including Borealis.0.71
fruit_sizeBorealis is explicitly cited as a selection with large, fat berries and judged among the best in unharvested holding trials.0.84
anecdote_snippetLeaves of Borealis showed less powdery mildew than other tested varieties in this program context.0.92
description_snippetBorealis has a nice round shape.0.90
flavor_profileBorealis is described as tasting better than other compared Russian cultivars.0.93
fruit_sizeBorealis is described as having fruit much larger than Russian cultivars then on the North American market.0.95
entry_pedigreeBorealis is part of a group identified as Russian/Kuril-Island hybrids.0.96
release_year_referenceBorealis was released by the U of S program in 2007 as one of two named Russian/Kuril-Island hybrid cultivars.0.99
description_snippetBorealis is presented as a new haskap cultivar in a figure-caption context.0.98
recommendation_contextFigure 1 identifies 'Borealis' as a new cultivar and explicitly states it is recommended for home gardeners.0.99

History Events

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No history events.