Document 1

Title: New Hardy Fruits for the Northwest

URL: https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1338&context=agexperimentsta_bulletins

Type: pdf | Language: en | Rights: unknown

Aliases: 1 | Provenance events: 2 | Evidence claims: 400

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Page	Type	Quote	Claim	Entity	Jump
6	verbatim_quote	GoLDo apple-1922	GoLDo apple-1922	cultivar 1	Open
6	verbatim_quote	Aseedling of Grimes Golden topgrafted on Duchess of Oldenburg apple	Aseedling of Grimes Golden topgrafted on Duchess of Oldenburg apple	cultivar 1	Open
6	verbatim_quote	Golde is condensed from the names of these two varieties	Golde is condensed from the names of these two varieties	cultivar 1	Open
6	verbatim_quote	Goldo is distinguished by the smooth, hardy, vigorous growth of the original tree	Goldo is distinguished by the smooth, hardy, vigorous growth of the original tree	cultivar 1	Open
6	verbatim_quote	The fruit is much like Grimes Golden in general appearance and has an excellent flavor	The fruit is much like Grimes Golden in general appearance and has an excellent flavor	cultivar 1	Open
6	verbatim_quote	Adecided acquisition as a variety combining the hardiness of Duchess with the season and high quality of Grimes Golden	Adecided acquisition as a variety combining the hardiness of Duchess with the season and high quality of Grimes Golden	cultivar 1	Open
6	verbatim_quote	The flesh cooks quickly into light yellow sauce of excellent flavor	The flesh cooks quickly into light yellow sauce of excellent flavor	cultivar 1	Open
6	verbatim_quote	The fruit is larger than Grimes Golden	The fruit is larger than Grimes Golden	cultivar 1	Open
6	verbatim_quote	Recent reports show Goldo to be an early and heavy bearer and the fruit runs large	Recent reports show Goldo to be an early and heavy bearer and the fruit runs large	cultivar 1	Open
6	verbatim_quote	KAZAN apple-1934	KAZAN apple-1934	cultivar 2	Open
6	verbatim_quote	Aseedling of Anisim	Aseedling of Anisim	cultivar 2	Open
6	verbatim_quote	Fruit round, 1 % inches across, conical, regular, brilliant red with crimson stripes, a beautiful fruit	Fruit round, 1 % inches across, conical, regular, brilliant red with crimson stripes, a beautiful fruit	cultivar 2	Open
6	verbatim_quote	Flesh white, juicy, subacid, flesh often red next to the skin	Flesh white, juicy, subacid, flesh often red next to the skin	cultivar 2	Open
6	verbatim_quote	The enormous crops make the size medium or below	The enormous crops make the size medium or below	cultivar 2	Open
6	verbatim_quote	LINA apple-1933	LINA apple-1933	cultivar 3	Open
6	verbatim_quote	Aseedling of Malinda and much like it in conical shape with blush, but with no knobs	Aseedling of Malinda and much like it in conical shape with blush, but with no knobs	cultivar 3	Open
6	verbatim_quote	Remarkable for its perfectly conical shape with no corrugations in the basin	Remarkable for its perfectly conical shape with no corrugations in the basin	cultivar 3	Open
6	verbatim_quote	The flesh is mild subacid and coob up easily	The flesh is mild subacid and coob up easily	cultivar 3	Open
6	verbatim_quote	Name derived from Malinda	Name derived from Malinda	cultivar 3	Open
6	verbatim_quote	If a late yellow apple is desired, the Lina should be tested	If a late yellow apple is desired, the Lina should be tested	cultivar 3	Open
6	verbatim_quote	Fruit 2Yz across, somewhat conical, truncated, good juicy subacid	Fruit 2Yz across, somewhat conical, truncated, good juicy subacid	cultivar 3	Open
6	verbatim_quote	Agood crop in 1939	Agood crop in 1939	cultivar 3	Open
6	verbatim_quote	SEMLA apple-1940	SEMLA apple-1940	cultivar 4	Open
6	verbatim_quote	An open-pollinated seedling of Wolf River apple	An open-pollinated seedling of Wolf River apple	cultivar 4	Open
6	verbatim_quote	Fruit very large, 3 inches in diameter, oblate with red stripes with mixed and solid red over yellow ground, with grayish net-veining	Fruit very large, 3 inches in diameter, oblate with red stripes with mixed and solid red over yellow ground, with grayish net-veining	cultivar 4	Open
6	verbatim_quote	Basin smooth, abrupt, narrow; cavity acute, narrow, russeted	Basin smooth, abrupt, narrow; cavity acute, narrow, russeted	cultivar 4	Open
6	verbatim_quote	Flesh pleasant subacid	Flesh pleasant subacid	cultivar 4	Open
6	verbatim_quote	When propagated and under orchard conditions probably the fruit will be larger than three inches	When propagated and under orchard conditions probably the fruit will be larger than three inches	cultivar 4	Open
6	verbatim_quote	Excellent quality sauce	Excellent quality sauce	cultivar 4	Open
6	verbatim_quote	(Semla: the Russian for "family.")	(Semla: the Russian for "family.")	cultivar 4	Open
6	verbatim_quote	ToLMo apple-1932	ToLMo apple-1932	cultivar 5	Open
6	verbatim_quote	Aseedling of Tolman Sweet topgrafted on Duchess of Oldenburg apple	Aseedling of Tolman Sweet topgrafted on Duchess of Oldenburg apple	cultivar 5	Open
6	verbatim_quote	Introduced as Otto, but this name is now cancelled because the name had already been used for a Canadian seedling	Introduced as Otto, but this name is now cancelled because the name had already been used for a Canadian seedling	cultivar 5	Open
6	verbatim_quote	Tolmo is condensed from the names of the parent varieties	Tolmo is condensed from the names of the parent varieties	cultivar 5	Open
6	verbatim_quote	Fruit good size, 2 % inches in diameter; Duchess colorin�, with white flesh, pleasant subacid; quality very good	Fruit good size, 2 % inches in diameter; Duchess colorin�, with white flesh, pleasant subacid; quality very good	cultivar 5	Open
6	verbatim_quote	Season fall	Season fall	cultivar 5	Open
6	verbatim_quote	Astrong grower and a heavy bearer	Astrong grower and a heavy bearer	cultivar 5	Open
9	verbatim_quote	DoLGO crabapple-1917	DoLGO crabapple-1917	cultivar 6	Open
9	verbatim_quote	Dolgo was selected from a lot of one-year-old Pyrus baccata seedlings brought from Russia by the author in 1897	Dolgo was selected from a lot of one-year-old Pyrus baccata seedlings brought from Russia by the author in 1897	cultivar 6	Open
9	verbatim_quote	The best one was named Dolgo (the Russian word for "long"), so named in recognition of the long conical, intensely bright red crabs about which many inquired at the annual exhibits of this Department at the South Dakota	The best one was named Dolgo (the Russian word for "long"), so named in recognition of the long conical, intensely bright red crabs about wh	cultivar 6	Open
9	verbatim_quote	The Dolgo is winning favor over a wide area for its freedom from fireblight and for its early and heavy bearing	The Dolgo is winning favor over a wide area for its freedom from fireblight and for its early and heavy bearing	cultivar 6	Open
9	verbatim_quote	The one-year-old trees in the nursery are of strong grothw with wide spreading forks and strongly shouldered limbs that do not split down easily	The one-year-old trees in the nursery are of strong grothw with wide spreading forks and strongly shouldered limbs that do not split down ea	cultivar 6	Open
9	verbatim_quote	In the 1940 List of Fruits recommended for planting by the Minnesota State Horticultural Society, the Dolgo crab is listed as a leading commercial variety for all parts of Minnesota	In the 1940 List of Fruits recommended for planting by the Minnesota State Horticultural Society, the Dolgo crab is listed as a leading comm	cultivar 6	Open
9	verbatim_quote	At Geneva, New York, the fruit is "full of juice, jellies easily, and makes a rich, ruby-red jelly of beautiful color and excellent flavor	At Geneva, New York, the fruit is "full of juice, jellies easily, and makes a rich, ruby-red jelly of beautiful color and excellent flavor	cultivar 6	Open
9	verbatim_quote	The tree is hardy, vigorous, and productive; the season early September	The tree is hardy, vigorous, and productive; the season early September	cultivar 6	Open
9	verbatim_quote	Splendid for cider as well as jelly."	Splendid for cider as well as jelly."	cultivar 6	Open
10	verbatim_quote	KEo crabapple-1940	KEo crabapple-1940	cultivar 7	Open
10	verbatim_quote	This is a seedling of the Amur crabapple	This is a seedling of the Amur crabapple	cultivar 7	Open
10	verbatim_quote	The Amur tree was standing far from other apple trees so that Keo is very likely a selfed seedling	The Amur tree was standing far from other apple trees so that Keo is very likely a selfed seedling	cultivar 7	Open
10	verbatim_quote	The fruit is 1 Ys inches across, oblate, regular; with a flat basin; flesh white, sauce red-tinted, of excellent quality; the slices retain their shape in cooking	The fruit is 1 Ys inches across, oblate, regular; with a flat basin; flesh white, sauce red-tinted, of excellent quality; the slices retain	cultivar 7	Open
10	verbatim_quote	The color is really remarkable; an intense polished bright crimson red all over, shaded deeper on the sun side	The color is really remarkable; an intense polished bright crimson red all over, shaded deeper on the sun side	cultivar 7	Open
10	verbatim_quote	The fruit would sell at sight in any market	The fruit would sell at sight in any market	cultivar 7	Open
10	verbatim_quote	The fresh fruit is a crisp, pleasant juicy acid, just what is wanted in a crab; it also stands up well, a characteristic derived from the Amur crab which does not soften easily	The fresh fruit is a crisp, pleasant juicy acid, just what is wanted in a crab; it also stands up well, a characteristic derived from the Am	cultivar 7	Open
10	verbatim_quote	There are many varieties of crabapples on the market, but many are rather dull in color	There are many varieties of crabapples on the market, but many are rather dull in color	cultivar 7	Open
10	verbatim_quote	Since the market demand is so strong towards bright red color, this new seedling will attract attention	Since the market demand is so strong towards bright red color, this new seedling will attract attention	cultivar 7	Open
10	verbatim_quote	As with Dolgo, Amur, Beauty, Alexis, and others of similar descent, it is a very heavy bearer	As with Dolgo, Amur, Beauty, Alexis, and others of similar descent, it is a very heavy bearer	cultivar 7	Open
10	verbatim_quote	SAPINIA crabapple-1920	SAPINIA crabapple-1920	cultivar 8	Open
10	verbatim_quote	This is a seedling of Winesap apple topgrafted on Virginia crab	This is a seedling of Winesap apple topgrafted on Virginia crab	cultivar 8	Open
10	verbatim_quote	The name is made up from these two names	The name is made up from these two names	cultivar 8	Open
10	verbatim_quote	One of the forerunners of a new race of hybrid apples in which the cultivated apple instead of the Siberian crab is the female parent	One of the forerunners of a new race of hybrid apples in which the cultivated apple instead of the Siberian crab is the female parent	cultivar 8	Open
10	verbatim_quote	Fruit thinly washed with dull red, almost two inches in diameter	Fruit thinly washed with dull red, almost two inches in diameter	cultivar 8	Open
10	verbatim_quote	Flavor subacid	Flavor subacid	cultivar 8	Open
10	verbatim_quote	Season late fall	Season late fall	cultivar 8	Open
10	verbatim_quote	Sapinia is hardy and productive at the Experiment Station at Morden, Manitoba	Sapinia is hardy and productive at the Experiment Station at Morden, Manitoba	cultivar 8	Open
10	verbatim_quote	BEN crabapple-1938	BEN crabapple-1938	cultivar 9	Open
10	verbatim_quote	Jonathan apple x Tony crab	Jonathan apple x Tony crab	cultivar 9	Open
10	verbatim_quote	This makes it one-half Jonathan, one-fourth baccata crab, one-fourth MacMahon White apple	This makes it one-half Jonathan, one-fourth baccata crab, one-fourth MacMahon White apple	cultivar 9	Open
10	verbatim_quote	Fruit two inches across, nearly all covered with red, striped and mixed over yellow ground with white bloom	Fruit two inches across, nearly all covered with red, striped and mixed over yellow ground with white bloom	cultivar 9	Open
10	verbatim_quote	The yellow ground is very light and clear	The yellow ground is very light and clear	cultivar 9	Open
10	verbatim_quote	Basin is flat, mi�utely wrinkled	Basin is flat, mi�utely wrinkled	cultivar 9	Open
10	verbatim_quote	Flesh white, very firm, juicy, a pleasant, lively subacid; cooks tender into sauce of excellent quality	Flesh white, very firm, juicy, a pleasant, lively subacid; cooks tender into sauce of excellent quality	cultivar 9	Open
10	verbatim_quote	The sauce is yellow; the slices retain their shape but are tender	The sauce is yellow; the slices retain their shape but are tender	cultivar 9	Open
10	verbatim_quote	An annual bearer	An annual bearer	cultivar 9	Open
10	verbatim_quote	The fruit was not fully colored the last of August	The fruit was not fully colored the last of August	cultivar 9	Open
10	verbatim_quote	Season evidently winter	Season evidently winter	cultivar 9	Open
11	verbatim_quote	B1soN crabapple-1933	B1soN crabapple-1933	cultivar 70	Open
11	verbatim_quote	Jonathan apple x Sylvia crab, making it onehalf Jonathan apple, one-fourth Siberian crab, Pyrus baccata, and one-fourth Yellow Transparent apple	Jonathan apple x Sylvia crab, making it onehalf Jonathan apple, one-fourth Siberian crab, Pyrus baccata, and one-fourth Yellow Transparent a	cultivar 70	Open
11	verbatim_quote	The name was first Bison but is now changed to South Dakota Bison to distinguish it from a Canadian apple seedling	The name was first Bison but is now changed to South Dakota Bison to distinguish it from a Canadian apple seedling	cultivar 70	Open
11	verbatim_quote	The fruit is large, red, and of excellent quality	The fruit is large, red, and of excellent quality	cultivar 70	Open
11	verbatim_quote	The tree is a heavy bearer	The tree is a heavy bearer	cultivar 70	Open
11	verbatim_quote	Under orchard conditions this may turn out to be almost an apple in size	Under orchard conditions this may turn out to be almost an apple in size	cultivar 70	Open
11	verbatim_quote	BoNA crabapple-1938	BoNA crabapple-1938	cultivar 10	Open
11	verbatim_quote	Jonathan apple x Sylvia crab	Jonathan apple x Sylvia crab	cultivar 10	Open
11	verbatim_quote	Asister to S	Asister to S	cultivar 10	Open
11	verbatim_quote	Fruit 1 Yz inches across, 1 Xinches deep, color an attractive deep rich solid polished red, nearly black red; flesh yellow, rich mild pleasant subacid, cooks easily into red sauce of very good quality	Fruit 1 Yz inches across, 1 Xinches deep, color an attractive deep rich solid polished red, nearly black red; flesh yellow, rich mild pleasa	cultivar 10	Open
11	verbatim_quote	Late fall or early winter	Late fall or early winter	cultivar 10	Open
11	verbatim_quote	Tree a heavy bearer	Tree a heavy bearer	cultivar 10	Open
11	verbatim_quote	There are several more seedlings of this same pedigree, all of good quality	There are several more seedlings of this same pedigree, all of good quality	cultivar 10	Open
11	verbatim_quote	EDA crabapple-1940	EDA crabapple-1940	cultivar 11	Open
11	verbatim_quote	Jonathan apple x Tony crab	Jonathan apple x Tony crab	cultivar 11	Open
11	verbatim_quote	This makes it onehalf Jonathan; one-fourth baccata; one-fourth MacMahon White apple	This makes it onehalf Jonathan; one-fourth baccata; one-fourth MacMahon White apple	cultivar 11	Open
11	verbatim_quote	Ben crabapple introduced in 1938	Ben crabapple introduced in 1938	cultivar 11	Open
11	verbatim_quote	Color a deep solid polished and marbled red, thinly striped over yellow	Color a deep solid polished and marbled red, thinly striped over yellow	cultivar 11	Open
11	verbatim_quote	Flesh a rich, pleasant subacid much like Jonathan	Flesh a rich, pleasant subacid much like Jonathan	cultivar 11	Open
11	verbatim_quote	The fruit cooks like a Jonathan and is of excellent quality, the slices retaining their shape	The fruit cooks like a Jonathan and is of excellent quality, the slices retaining their shape	cultivar 11	Open
11	verbatim_quote	The fruit is unusually heavy for its size	The fruit is unusually heavy for its size	cultivar 11	Open
11	verbatim_quote	When propagated and given orchard conditions probably the fruit will be larger	When propagated and given orchard conditions probably the fruit will be larger	cultivar 11	Open
11	verbatim_quote	Both of these two varieties are choice dessert apples for late fall and early winter	Both of these two varieties are choice dessert apples for late fall and early winter	cultivar 11	Open
11	verbatim_quote	JoNsrn crabapple-1938	JoNsrn crabapple-1938	cultivar 12	Open
11	verbatim_quote	Jonathan apple x Irkutsk, Siberian crab Pyrus baccata	Jonathan apple x Irkutsk, Siberian crab Pyrus baccata	cultivar 12	Open
11	verbatim_quote	Fruit 1 % inches across, 1 5/16 inches deep	Fruit 1 % inches across, 1 5/16 inches deep	cultivar 12	Open
11	verbatim_quote	Abeautiful brilliant rich red, striped, splashed, and mixed over yellow ground, with white bloom	Abeautiful brilliant rich red, striped, splashed, and mixed over yellow ground, with white bloom	cultivar 12	Open
11	verbatim_quote	The mottled mixed red gives the shady side a rich orange-red effect	The mottled mixed red gives the shady side a rich orange-red effect	cultivar 12	Open
11	verbatim_quote	Season late fall	Season late fall	cultivar 12	Open
11	verbatim_quote	Flesh brisk, subacid with sweet aftertaste	Flesh brisk, subacid with sweet aftertaste	cultivar 12	Open
11	verbatim_quote	In cooking, the sauce is light red, of excellent quality, the slices are tender but retain their	In cooking, the sauce is light red, of excellent quality, the slices are tender but retain their	cultivar 12	Open
12	verbatim_quote	MAcATA crabapple-1938	MAcATA crabapple-1938	cultivar 13	Open
12	verbatim_quote	Mcintosh apple x Pyrus baccata	Mcintosh apple x Pyrus baccata	cultivar 13	Open
12	verbatim_quote	Abrilliant polished red all over; flesh rich subacid, cooking up tender into a light colored pleasant flavored sauce	Abrilliant polished red all over; flesh rich subacid, cooking up tender into a light colored pleasant flavored sauce	cultivar 13	Open
12	verbatim_quote	Fruit 1 Yz inches across, 1 Ys inches deep	Fruit 1 Yz inches across, 1 Ys inches deep	cultivar 13	Open
12	verbatim_quote	Season late fall	Season late fall	cultivar 13	Open
12	verbatim_quote	Taming the American Wild Crabapple The wild crabapple was the only apple known to the Indians before the white man brought over the cultivated apple which is a native of the temperate regions of Europe and Asia	Taming the American Wild Crabapple The wild crabapple was the only apple known to the Indians before the white man brought over the cultivat	cultivar 13	Open
12	verbatim_quote	The Indians cached or stored the fruit outdoors in the earth over winter	The Indians cached or stored the fruit outdoors in the earth over winter	cultivar 13	Open
12	verbatim_quote	This 5erved to tone down the astringency	This 5erved to tone down the astringency	cultivar 13	Open
12	verbatim_quote	The chief hope in growing many thousands of apple and crabapple seedlings has been to tame the wild American crabapple enough so that the fruit would be desirable at least for culinary use	The chief hope in growing many thousands of apple and crabapple seedlings has been to tame the wild American crabapple enough so that the fr	cultivar 13	Open
12	verbatim_quote	In the seedling plantations of this Station the wild crabapple from Elk River, some thirty miles northwest of Minneapolis, Minnesota, has proved hardy, productive, and practically immune to blight	In the seedling plantations of this Station the wild crabapple from Elk River, some thirty miles northwest of Minneapolis, Minnesota, has pr	cultivar 13	Open
12	verbatim_quote	The abundant fragrant pink and white blossoms in the spring make the trees of great value for lawn and park planting, while the fruit is too sour and astringent to tempt anyone	The abundant fragrant pink and white blossoms in the spring make the trees of great value for lawn and park planting, while the fruit is too	cultivar 13	Open
12	verbatim_quote	However, the fruit will keep at least a year and is useful to impart a quincelike flavor to common apple sauce	However, the fruit will keep at least a year and is useful to impart a quincelike flavor to common apple sauce	cultivar 13	Open
12	verbatim_quote	In fact, some people consider wild American apples a fair substitute for quinces in making pres�rves	In fact, some people consider wild American apples a fair substitute for quinces in making pres�rves	cultivar 13	Open
12	verbatim_quote	Other advantages are: annual bearing, early bearing, early ripening of wood, winter hardiness, late blooming	Other advantages are: annual bearing, early bearing, early ripening of wood, winter hardiness, late blooming	cultivar 13	Open
12	verbatim_quote	Some undesirable characters are the small size of fruit and thorniness of tree	Some undesirable characters are the small size of fruit and thorniness of tree	cultivar 13	Open
12	verbatim_quote	The Kola crabapple (South Dakota Station Bulletin 224) has become of great interest to cytologists and plant-breeders the world over, because it is the first known tetraploid among cultivated named apples with 68 chromos	The Kola crabapple (South Dakota Station Bulletin 224) has become of great interest to cytologists and plant-breeders the world over, becaus	cultivar 13	Open
12	verbatim_quote	This was first determined in 1928 by Dr	This was first determined in 1928 by Dr	cultivar 13	Open
12	verbatim_quote	Bernhard Nebel, Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, New York	Bernhard Nebel, Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, New York	cultivar 13	Open
12	verbatim_quote	Later research by Dr	Later research by Dr	cultivar 13	Open
12	verbatim_quote	Lincoln, University of Maryland, shows that Tipi, Shoko, Zapta, and Elk River are all tetraploids; also, that Nevis is a diploid	Lincoln, University of Maryland, shows that Tipi, Shoko, Zapta, and Elk River are all tetraploids; also, that Nevis is a diploid	cultivar 13	Open
12	verbatim_quote	The Kola and the other wild crab hybrids, such as Shoko, Zapta, and Tipi as pointed out in Bulletin 224, are all heavy annual bearers even in dry seasons	The Kola and the other wild crab hybrids, such as Shoko, Zapta, and Tipi as pointed out in Bulletin 224, are all heavy annual bearers even i	cultivar 13	Open
12	verbatim_quote	Tetraploids make is possible to originate many triploid apples (51 chromosomes) by crossing tetraploids with any of the usual diploids (34 chromosomes)	Tetraploids make is possible to originate many triploid apples (51 chromosomes) by crossing tetraploids with any of the usual diploids (34 c	cultivar 13	Open
12	verbatim_quote	Recent study in Sweden and England indicates triploid apples contain more vitamins than ordinary apples, and are higher in quality	Recent study in Sweden and England indicates triploid apples contain more vitamins than ordinary apples, and are higher in quality	cultivar 13	Open
12	verbatim_quote	It has been thought by many that it was impossible to improve the American wild crab, but the author has been working with this problem many years, and has produced many hybrids	It has been thought by many that it was impossible to improve the American wild crab, but the author has been working with this problem many	cultivar 13	Open
12	verbatim_quote	In later years the main attention has been given to the Nevis wild crab (introduced 1930) Pyrus loensis, from the farthest northwestern point where it has been found native, Nevis, Minnesota, near the headwaters of the M	In later years the main attention has been given to the Nevis wild crab (introduced 1930) Pyrus loensis, from the farthest northwestern poin	cultivar 13	Open
12	verbatim_quote	As far as can be determined the author has done more than any one else to improve this native American	As far as can be determined the author has done more than any one else to improve this native American	cultivar 13	Open
14	verbatim_quote	AMsrn crabapple-1932	AMsrn crabapple-1932	cultivar 14	Open
14	verbatim_quote	Wild Red (Pyrus loens is) from Iowa x Pyrus baccata brought by the writer from Moscow, Russia, in 1906	Wild Red (Pyrus loens is) from Iowa x Pyrus baccata brought by the writer from Moscow, Russia, in 1906	cultivar 14	Open
14	verbatim_quote	The name "Amsib" is condensed from the names America and Siberia	The name "Amsib" is condensed from the names America and Siberia	cultivar 14	Open
14	verbatim_quote	Has fragrant wild crab flesh but neutral rather than bitter	Has fragrant wild crab flesh but neutral rather than bitter	cultivar 14	Open
14	verbatim_quote	It is only an ornamental tree at present, but it is the first hybrid of the native American apple with the Siberian crab and has possibilities for the future	It is only an ornamental tree at present, but it is the first hybrid of the native American apple with the Siberian crab and has possibiliti	cultivar 14	Open
14	verbatim_quote	The Amsib is an early bearer and very productive	The Amsib is an early bearer and very productive	cultivar 14	Open
14	verbatim_quote	This combination of one-half wild crab and one-half Siberian crab combines extreme hardiness with all-winter keeping, but the wild crab dominates in quality	This combination of one-half wild crab and one-half Siberian crab combines extreme hardiness with all-winter keeping, but the wild crab domi	cultivar 14	Open
14	verbatim_quote	More work should be done	More work should be done	cultivar 14	Open
14	verbatim_quote	Many more seedlings of similar pedigre � are coming on	Many more seedlings of similar pedigre � are coming on	cultivar 14	Open
14	verbatim_quote	In 1939 in the State Orchard at Sioux Falls the Amsib budded on Siberian crab stock, bore a good crop	In 1939 in the State Orchard at Sioux Falls the Amsib budded on Siberian crab stock, bore a good crop	cultivar 14	Open
14	verbatim_quote	The round conical fruit was 1 13/16 inches across, bright solid red, striped and mixed red, with green cavity	The round conical fruit was 1 13/16 inches across, bright solid red, striped and mixed red, with green cavity	cultivar 14	Open
15	verbatim_quote	CHINOOK crabapple-1924	CHINOOK crabapple-1924	cultivar 15	Open
15	verbatim_quote	Baldwin apple x wild crab of Elk River, Minn., Pyrus loensis, named after an Indian tribe	Baldwin apple x wild crab of Elk River, Minn., Pyrus loensis, named after an Indian tribe	cultivar 15	Open
15	verbatim_quote	Fruit oblate, two inches in diameter, color a fine dark red, subacid, season all winter	Fruit oblate, two inches in diameter, color a fine dark red, subacid, season all winter	cultivar 15	Open
15	verbatim_quote	Later fruits of the Chi -nook are 2 x 2Yz inches in diameter	Later fruits of the Chi -nook are 2 x 2Yz inches in diameter	cultivar 15	Open
15	verbatim_quote	The Chi nook Keeps 20 Months and 11 Days: May 14, 1929, fruit of the Chinook was examined and found in good condition, and made a good, pleasant flavored sauce	The Chi nook Keeps 20 Months and 11 Days: May 14, 1929, fruit of the Chinook was examined and found in good condition, and made a good, plea	cultivar 15	Open
15	verbatim_quote	Fruit picked September 3, 1927 and kept in an outdoor cellar	Fruit picked September 3, 1927 and kept in an outdoor cellar	cultivar 15	Open
15	verbatim_quote	FoREST KING wild crabapple-1938	FoREST KING wild crabapple-1938	cultivar 16	Open
15	verbatim_quote	Found near the Wisconsin border in the woods near Winnebago, Illinois, about 1904	Found near the Wisconsin border in the woods near Winnebago, Illinois, about 1904	cultivar 16	Open
15	verbatim_quote	Tree had a heavy crop in 1937 following the drouth year 1936; also a very large crop in 1939	Tree had a heavy crop in 1937 following the drouth year 1936; also a very large crop in 1939	cultivar 16	Open
15	verbatim_quote	Fruit regular round, truncated with white dots; green to golden yellow, unctuous, 2 Yz inches across, 2 Y4 inches deep, weight 5 Y4 ounces	Fruit regular round, truncated with white dots; green to golden yellow, unctuous, 2 Yz inches across, 2 Y4 inches deep, weight 5 Y4 ounces	cultivar 16	Open
15	verbatim_quote	Surface light greenish yellow to golden yellow	Surface light greenish yellow to golden yellow	cultivar 16	Open
15	verbatim_quote	Dots minute, white or green, numerous	Dots minute, white or green, numerous	cultivar 16	Open
15	verbatim_quote	Cavity acuminate, stem filling the lower part of the cavity	Cavity acuminate, stem filling the lower part of the cavity	cultivar 16	Open
15	verbatim_quote	Seeds plump	Seeds plump	cultivar 16	Open
15	verbatim_quote	Flesh white, juicy	Flesh white, juicy	cultivar 16	Open
15	verbatim_quote	Flavor acerb, crabby, but much milder than the ordinary wild crab	Flavor acerb, crabby, but much milder than the ordinary wild crab	cultivar 16	Open
15	verbatim_quote	The Forest King should be in the collection along with Mercer, Missouri, Giant, and other large crabs	The Forest King should be in the collection along with Mercer, Missouri, Giant, and other large crabs	cultivar 16	Open
15	verbatim_quote	These large-fruited American wild crabs are usually classified as Pyrus Soulardii, and are regarded by botanists as natural hybrids of Pyrus loensis and Pyrus Malus	These large-fruited American wild crabs are usually classified as Pyrus Soulardii, and are regarded by botanists as natural hybrids of Pyrus	cultivar 16	Open
15	verbatim_quote	GEORGE MILLER wild crabapple-1939	GEORGE MILLER wild crabapple-1939	cultivar 17	Open
15	verbatim_quote	Found by George Miller, near his home at Muscatine, Iowa	Found by George Miller, near his home at Muscatine, Iowa	cultivar 17	Open
15	verbatim_quote	Not yet fruited at the South Dakota Station	Not yet fruited at the South Dakota Station	cultivar 17	Open
15	verbatim_quote	EBO apple-1940	EBO apple-1940	cultivar 18	Open
15	verbatim_quote	Alexander apple x Mercer wild crab	Alexander apple x Mercer wild crab	cultivar 18	Open
15	verbatim_quote	Fruit 3 Y4 inches across, round, regular, truncated, slightly tapering; basin narrow, shallow, smooth; cavity obtruse	Fruit 3 Y4 inches across, round, regular, truncated, slightly tapering; basin narrow, shallow, smooth; cavity obtruse	cultivar 18	Open
15	verbatim_quote	Color red, striped, grayed, mixed and splashed	Color red, striped, grayed, mixed and splashed	cultivar 18	Open
15	verbatim_quote	Flesh pleasant subacid, juicy, cooks up easily into excellent sauce	Flesh pleasant subacid, juicy, cooks up easily into excellent sauce	cultivar 18	Open
15	verbatim_quote	The tree is pro-	The tree is pro-	cultivar 18	Open
16	verbatim_quote	WALDO crabapple-1938	WALDO crabapple-1938	cultivar 19	Open
16	verbatim_quote	Fluke No	Fluke No	cultivar 19	Open
16	verbatim_quote	10 x Duchess apple	10 x Duchess apple	cultivar 19	Open
16	verbatim_quote	This is 87.5 percent Malus apple, 12.5 percent loensis wild crab	This is 87.5 percent Malus apple, 12.5 percent loensis wild crab	cultivar 19	Open
16	verbatim_quote	The calyx tube is cylindrical and the stamens marginal, showing the influence of loensis	The calyx tube is cylindrical and the stamens marginal, showing the influence of loensis	cultivar 19	Open
16	verbatim_quote	Fruit 1 % inches across, oblate, angular, truncated, color a rich striped mixed red all over yellow ground	Fruit 1 % inches across, oblate, angular, truncated, color a rich striped mixed red all over yellow ground	cultivar 19	Open
16	verbatim_quote	The flesh is a rich aromatic sweet subacid	The flesh is a rich aromatic sweet subacid	cultivar 19	Open
16	verbatim_quote	An excellent eating crab	An excellent eating crab	cultivar 19	Open
16	verbatim_quote	In cooking, the sauce is tinted light red, the slices retain their shape and the quality is very good	In cooking, the sauce is tinted light red, the slices retain their shape and the quality is very good	cultivar 19	Open
16	verbatim_quote	The tree is an enormous bearer, but greatly crowded in seedling row	The tree is an enormous bearer, but greatly crowded in seedling row	cultivar 19	Open
16	verbatim_quote	Fruits of S	Fruits of S	cultivar 19	Open
16	verbatim_quote	Waldo crab were frozen solid by outside exposure and then cooked January 27, 1940	Waldo crab were frozen solid by outside exposure and then cooked January 27, 1940	cultivar 19	Open
16	verbatim_quote	The fruit was of a pleasant, subacid flavor like a baked apple, the slices retained their shape and yet were soft	The fruit was of a pleasant, subacid flavor like a baked apple, the slices retained their shape and yet were soft	cultivar 19	Open
16	verbatim_quote	WENDEL wild crabapple-1938	WENDEL wild crabapple-1938	cultivar 20	Open
16	verbatim_quote	Charlamovsky apple x a large wild crab from Andrew County, Missouri	Charlamovsky apple x a large wild crab from Andrew County, Missouri	cultivar 20	Open
16	verbatim_quote	Fruit 1 � x 1 5/16 inches deep; a brilliant solid bright red all over yellow ground; flesh firm, juicy, sharp clear acid, not acerb, cooks into red sauce of neutral flavor	Fruit 1 � x 1 5/16 inches deep; a brilliant solid bright red all over yellow ground; flesh firm, juicy, sharp clear acid, not acerb, cooks i	cultivar 20	Open
16	verbatim_quote	Evidently a long winter keeper	Evidently a long winter keeper	cultivar 20	Open
16	verbatim_quote	WAHOYA 'wild crabapple-1938	WAHOYA 'wild crabapple-1938	cultivar 21	Open
16	verbatim_quote	Nevis wild crab x Wolf River apple	Nevis wild crab x Wolf River apple	cultivar 21	Open
16	verbatim_quote	Fruit perhaps the largest of the Nevis Hybrids, 2% x 2Yz inches deep, solid red over green	Fruit perhaps the largest of the Nevis Hybrids, 2% x 2Yz inches deep, solid red over green	cultivar 21	Open
16	verbatim_quote	Cavity green out over base	Cavity green out over base	cultivar 21	Open
16	verbatim_quote	Flesh mild acerb, acid	Flesh mild acerb, acid	cultivar 21	Open
16	verbatim_quote	Cooks up tender into light yellow sauce	Cooks up tender into light yellow sauce	cultivar 21	Open
16	verbatim_quote	Season all winter	Season all winter	cultivar 21	Open
16	verbatim_quote	WAKAGA wild crabapple-1938	WAKAGA wild crabapple-1938	cultivar 22	Open
16	verbatim_quote	Nevis, Minnesota wild crab x Wolf River apple	Nevis, Minnesota wild crab x Wolf River apple	cultivar 22	Open
16	verbatim_quote	Fruit 2 Yz x 2 Ys inches, somewhat cylindrical, unctuous, regular, green, blushed	Fruit 2 Yz x 2 Ys inches, somewhat cylindrical, unctuous, regular, green, blushed	cultivar 22	Open
16	verbatim_quote	Flesh acid, mildly acerb, cooks tender	Flesh acid, mildly acerb, cooks tender	cultivar 22	Open
16	verbatim_quote	All winter keeper	All winter keeper	cultivar 22	Open
16	verbatim_quote	WAKONDA wild crabapple-1931	WAKONDA wild crabapple-1931	cultivar 23	Open
16	verbatim_quote	Nevis, Minnesota, wild crab x Northern Spy apple	Nevis, Minnesota, wild crab x Northern Spy apple	cultivar 23	Open
16	verbatim_quote	Fruit much larger than the original Nevis (Pyrus loensis) with considerable red color, indicating hybridity	Fruit much larger than the original Nevis (Pyrus loensis) with considerable red color, indicating hybridity	cultivar 23	Open
16	verbatim_quote	Tree hardy and productive	Tree hardy and productive	cultivar 23	Open
16	verbatim_quote	WAKPALA apple-1928	WAKPALA apple-1928	cultivar 24	Open
16	verbatim_quote	Mercer wild crab x Tolman Sweet apple	Mercer wild crab x Tolman Sweet apple	cultivar 24	Open
16	verbatim_quote	This is three-fourths tame apple, one-fourth wild crab	This is three-fourths tame apple, one-fourth wild crab	cultivar 24	Open
16	verbatim_quote	In 1939 the fruit was 2.5 inches across; color yellow lightly striped with red; flesh white subacid with spicy sweet fragrance	In 1939 the fruit was 2.5 inches across; color yellow lightly striped with red; flesh white subacid with spicy sweet fragrance	cultivar 24	Open
16	verbatim_quote	Cooks up quickly into excellent light yellow sauce; the slices retain their shape in co@king	Cooks up quickly into excellent light yellow sauce; the slices retain their shape in co@king	cultivar 24	Open
16	verbatim_quote	Season winter	Season winter	cultivar 24	Open
19	verbatim_quote	WAMDESA wild crabapple- 1938	WAMDESA wild crabapple- 1938	cultivar 61	Open
19	verbatim_quote	Elk River, Minnesota, wild crab x Jonathan apple	Elk River, Minnesota, wild crab x Jonathan apple	cultivar 61	Open
19	verbatim_quote	Fruit 2 inches in diameter, thin solid red all over; dots large, russet, many areolar; unctu.ous; basin deep, smooth, abrupt	Fruit 2 inches in diameter, thin solid red all over; dots large, russet, many areolar; unctu.ous; basin deep, smooth, abrupt	cultivar 61	Open
19	verbatim_quote	Flesh juicy acid, acerb, cooks up tender into pleasant light colored, mildly acid and acerb sauce	Flesh juicy acid, acerb, cooks up tender into pleasant light colored, mildly acid and acerb sauce	cultivar 61	Open
19	verbatim_quote	An all the year keeper	An all the year keeper	cultivar 61	Open
19	verbatim_quote	Avery heavy bearer	Avery heavy bearer	cultivar 61	Open
19	verbatim_quote	WATOPA crabapple- 1939	WATOPA crabapple- 1939	cultivar 62	Open
19	verbatim_quote	Pedigree : Elk River, Minnesota, wild crab x Jonathan apple pollen	Pedigree : Elk River, Minnesota, wild crab x Jonathan apple pollen	cultivar 62	Open
19	verbatim_quote	Asister to Wamdesa introduced in 1938, but larger, the fruits in 1938 being 2 Ys inches across	Asister to Wamdesa introduced in 1938, but larger, the fruits in 1938 being 2 Ys inches across	cultivar 62	Open
19	verbatim_quote	Fruit regular, round, truncated, greenish yellow with much thinly washed and striped red over green and much green out over base ( stem end); skin unctuous; basin, smooth, abrupt calyx segments very small, closed	Fruit regular, round, truncated, greenish yellow with much thinly washed and striped red over green and much green out over base ( stem end)	cultivar 62	Open
19	verbatim_quote	An all-the-year keper	An all-the-year keper	cultivar 62	Open
19	verbatim_quote	Tree very productive	Tree very productive	cultivar 62	Open
19	verbatim_quote	Flavor mildly acid to neutral in the cooked fruit	Flavor mildly acid to neutral in the cooked fruit	cultivar 62	Open
19	verbatim_quote	WAZIYA wild crabapple- 1938	WAZIYA wild crabapple- 1938	cultivar 63	Open
19	verbatim_quote	Nevis Minnesota wild crab x Northwestern Greening apple	Nevis Minnesota wild crab x Northwestern Greening apple	cultivar 63	Open
19	verbatim_quote	Perhaps the largest and best of the Nevis hybrids; fruit oblate, 2 Ya x 2 Y4 inches, green, unctuous, and fragrant like the wild crab	Perhaps the largest and best of the Nevis hybrids; fruit oblate, 2 Ya x 2 Y4 inches, green, unctuous, and fragrant like the wild crab	cultivar 63	Open
19	verbatim_quote	The sharp acid fruit does not cook up but has much less wild crab acerbity	The sharp acid fruit does not cook up but has much less wild crab acerbity	cultivar 63	Open
19	verbatim_quote	Sister to Wecota and Wetonka	Sister to Wecota and Wetonka	cultivar 63	Open
19	verbatim_quote	An all year keeper	An all year keeper	cultivar 63	Open
19	verbatim_quote	Waziya of the early Indians was the spirit of the blizzard as well as of the cool breezes	Waziya of the early Indians was the spirit of the blizzard as well as of the cool breezes	cultivar 63	Open
19	verbatim_quote	His home was in Wind Cave in the Black Hills	His home was in Wind Cave in the Black Hills	cultivar 63	Open
19	verbatim_quote	WEcOTA wild crabapple- 1929	WEcOTA wild crabapple- 1929	cultivar 64	Open
19	verbatim_quote	Nevis wild crab x Northwestern Greening apple	Nevis wild crab x Northwestern Greening apple	cultivar 64	Open
19	verbatim_quote	Awinter crab for the far North	Awinter crab for the far North	cultivar 64	Open
19	verbatim_quote	Fruit two inches in diameter; cylindrical to round truncated, yellow green; skin unctuous; flavor acid; not very acerb	Fruit two inches in diameter; cylindrical to round truncated, yellow green; skin unctuous; flavor acid; not very acerb	cultivar 64	Open
19	verbatim_quote	Cooks up softer than the others and with less wild crab flavor	Cooks up softer than the others and with less wild crab flavor	cultivar 64	Open
19	verbatim_quote	Fruits of Wecota kept frozen solid outdoors until February 4, 1939, lost their acerbity when cooked; the flesh was of the consistency and color of baked apples and was mildly acid and quite edible	Fruits of Wecota kept frozen solid outdoors until February 4, 1939, lost their acerbity when cooked; the flesh was of the consistency and co	cultivar 64	Open
19	verbatim_quote	It indicates that this is a fruit that can stand severe freezing	It indicates that this is a fruit that can stand severe freezing	cultivar 64	Open
19	verbatim_quote	WETo KA wild crabapple- 1929	WETo KA wild crabapple- 1929	cultivar 65	Open
19	verbatim_quote	Nevis, Minnesota, wild crab x Wolf River apple	Nevis, Minnesota, wild crab x Wolf River apple	cultivar 65	Open
19	verbatim_quote	Fruit two inches across, oblate	Fruit two inches across, oblate	cultivar 65	Open

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Rights Records

Status	License	Holder
unknown

Credibility Records

Tier	Score	Assessor	Rationale
tier_1	88	auto	Academic institutional domain

Translation Records

Source Lang	Target Lang	Method	Status	Note
No translation records.

Translation Quality Assessments

Translation ID	Score	Risk	Assessor	Rationale
No translation assessments.

Publication Records

Status	Visibility	Reviewer	Note
No publication records.

Extracted Entities

Type	Value	Confidence
cultivar_candidate	Dolgo	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Checkpa Bush	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Wryuta	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Amsrn	0.95
cultivar_candidate	S. D. Macata	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Sioux Sand	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Kasota Bush	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Yermak	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Tanya	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Kota	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Tecumseh	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Oacoma	0.95
cultivar_candidate	S. D. Ben	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Sapinia	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Keo	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Cal Trio	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Be Trio	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Ann Trio	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Wotanda	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Ebo	0.95
cultivar_candidate	George Miller	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Forest King	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Chinook	0.95
cultivar_candidate	S. D. Jonsrn	0.95
cultivar_candidate	S. D. Eda	0.95
cultivar_candidate	S. D. Bona	0.95
cultivar_candidate	S. D. Bison	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Tolmo	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Semla	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Lina	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Kazan	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Goldo	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Weto Ka	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Wecota	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Waziya	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Watopa	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Wamdesa	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Woga Golden	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Wato Golden	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Wapago Golden	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Wakapa Golden	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Pawnee Golden	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Ural Mountain	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Sungari	0.95
cultivar_candidate	S. D. Valya	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Selenga	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Okolo	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Ilya	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Frnsrn	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Kit Trio	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Joe Trio	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Hans Trio	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Guy Trio	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Fay Trio	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Erl Trio	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Wakpala	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Wakonda	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Wakaga	0.95
cultivar_candidate	Wahoya 'Wild	0.95
cultivar_candidate	S. D. Wendel	0.95
cultivar_candidate	S. D. Waldo	0.95
taxon_keyword	Pyrus baccata	0.70
taxon_keyword	Pyrus Malus Niedzwetzkyana	0.70
institution_candidate	South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station	0.60
institution_candidate	South Dakota State College	0.60
institution_candidate	South Dakota State University Agricultural Experiment Station	0.60
institution_candidate	Bulletins South Dakota State University	0.60
institution_candidate	South Dakota State University	0.60
taxon_keyword	ribes	0.65
taxon_keyword	prunus	0.65
taxon_keyword	pyrus	0.65
taxon_keyword	malus	0.65

Extracted Claims

Type	Claim	Confidence
figure_caption	Wiyuta: Wiyuta Wild Crabapple (Reduced in Size)	0.98
figure_caption	Wotanda: Wotanda Wild Crabapple (Reduced in Size)	0.98
figure_caption	Weto Ka: Wetonka Wild Crabapple (Reduced in Size)	0.98
figure_caption	Wamdesa: Wamdesa Wild Crabapple (Reduced in Size)	0.98
structured_entry_json	{"cultivar_name":"Dolgo","year":1917,"heading_raw":"DoLGO","locations":[],"crosses":[],"fruit_size_mentions":[],"color_mentions":["bright red","red"],"morphology_terms":[],"pedigre	0.95
verbatim_quote	Splendid for cider as well as jelly."	0.97
verbatim_quote	The tree is hardy, vigorous, and productive; the season early September	0.97
verbatim_quote	At Geneva, New York, the fruit is "full of juice, jellies easily, and makes a rich, ruby-red jelly of beautiful color and excellent flavor	0.97
verbatim_quote	In the 1940 List of Fruits recommended for planting by the Minnesota State Horticultural Society, the Dolgo crab is listed as a leading commercial variety for all parts of Minnesot	0.97
verbatim_quote	The one-year-old trees in the nursery are of strong grothw with wide spreading forks and strongly shouldered limbs that do not split down easily	0.97
verbatim_quote	The Dolgo is winning favor over a wide area for its freedom from fireblight and for its early and heavy bearing	0.97
verbatim_quote	The best one was named Dolgo (the Russian word for "long"), so named in recognition of the long conical, intensely bright red crabs about which many inquired at the annual exhibits	0.97
verbatim_quote	Dolgo was selected from a lot of one-year-old Pyrus baccata seedlings brought from Russia by the author in 1897	0.97
verbatim_quote	DoLGO crabapple-1917	0.97
release_year_reference	Dolgo: 1917	0.92
description_snippet	Dolgo: The tree is hardy, vigorous, and productive; the season early September.	0.54
description_snippet	Dolgo: At Geneva, New York, the fruit is "full of juice, jellies easily, and makes a rich, ruby-red jelly of beautiful color and excellent flavor.	0.54
culinary_use	Dolgo: juice, jellies easily, and makes a rich, ruby-red jelly of beautiful color and excellent flavor	0.56
productivity	Dolgo: productive; the season early September	0.56
flavor_profile	Dolgo: flavor	0.57
growth_habit	Dolgo: vigorous	0.52
growth_habit	Dolgo: spreading	0.52
selection_origin_reference	lot of one-year-old Pyrus baccata seedlings brought from Russia by the author	0.57
year_reference	1940	0.55
year_reference	1897	0.55
year_reference	1917	0.55
structured_entry_json	{"cultivar_name":"Checkpa Bush","year":1940,"heading_raw":"CHECKPA bush","locations":[],"crosses":[],"fruit_size_mentions":["1 inch","15/16 inches"],"color_mentions":[],"morphology	0.95
verbatim_quote	In other words, out of 100 pounds of fruit, only 3.92 pounds would be	0.97
verbatim_quote	The weight of 100 fruits was 418 grams and the percentage ratio of pit to fruit 3.92	0.97
verbatim_quote	The fruit in 1939 was black, almost one inch in diameter, exact size 15/16 inches	0.97
verbatim_quote	The largest and best so far	0.97
verbatim_quote	CHECKPA bush cherry-1940	0.97
release_year_reference	Checkpa Bush: 1940	0.92
fruit_size	Checkpa Bush: 16 inches	0.58
year_reference	1939	0.55
year_reference	1940	0.55
structured_entry_json	{"cultivar_name":"Wryuta","year":1939,"heading_raw":"WrYUTA wild","locations":["Nevis, Minnesota"],"crosses":[],"fruit_size_mentions":["2 1/2 inches","2 inches"],"color_mentions":[	0.95
verbatim_quote	Fruit 2 Yz inches across; 2 inches deep, round, slightly truncated, regular; much striped and marbled red over greenish yellow, cav-	0.97
verbatim_quote	Nevis, Minnesota, wild crab (Pyrus loensis) x Wolf River apple	0.97
verbatim_quote	WrYUTA wild crabapple-1939	0.97
entry_location	Wryuta: Nevis, Minnesota	0.90
release_year_reference	Wryuta: 1939	0.92
fruit_size	Wryuta: 2 inches	0.58
year_reference	1939	0.55
structured_entry_json	{"cultivar_name":"Amsrn","year":1932,"heading_raw":"AMsrn","locations":[],"crosses":["from Iowa x Pyrus baccata brought by the writer from Moscow","In 1939 in the State Orchard at	0.95
verbatim_quote	The round conical fruit was 1 13/16 inches across, bright solid red, striped and mixed red, with green cavity	0.97
verbatim_quote	In 1939 in the State Orchard at Sioux Falls the Amsib budded on Siberian crab stock, bore a good crop	0.97
verbatim_quote	Many more seedlings of similar pedigre � are coming on	0.97
verbatim_quote	More work should be done	0.97
verbatim_quote	This combination of one-half wild crab and one-half Siberian crab combines extreme hardiness with all-winter keeping, but the wild crab dominates in quality	0.97
verbatim_quote	The Amsib is an early bearer and very productive	0.97
verbatim_quote	It is only an ornamental tree at present, but it is the first hybrid of the native American apple with the Siberian crab and has possibilities for the future	0.97
verbatim_quote	Has fragrant wild crab flesh but neutral rather than bitter	0.97
verbatim_quote	The name "Amsib" is condensed from the names America and Siberia	0.97
verbatim_quote	Wild Red (Pyrus loens is) from Iowa x Pyrus baccata brought by the writer from Moscow, Russia, in 1906	0.97
verbatim_quote	AMsrn crabapple-1932	0.97
breeding_cross	Amsrn: striped and mi x ed red	0.90
breeding_cross	Amsrn: In 1939 in the State Orchard at Siou x Falls the Amsib budded on Siberian crab stock	0.90
breeding_cross	Amsrn: from Iowa x Pyrus baccata brought by the writer from Moscow	0.90
release_year_reference	Amsrn: 1932	0.92
description_snippet	Amsrn: The Amsib is an early bearer and very productive.	0.54
description_snippet	Amsrn: It is only an ornamental tree at present, but it is the first hybrid of the native American apple with the Siberian crab and has possibilities for the future.	0.54
ornamental_use	Amsrn: ornamental tree at present, but it is the first hybrid of the native American apple with the Siberian crab and has possibilities f	0.56
productivity	Amsrn: productive	0.56
storage_duration	Amsrn: keeping, but the wild crab dominates in quality	0.56
fruit_size	Amsrn: 16 inches	0.58
nursery_reference	State Orchard	0.58
breeding_cross	Amsrn: In 1939 in the State Orchard at Siou x Falls the Amsib budded on Siberian crab stock	0.65
breeding_cross	Amsrn: from Iowa x Pyrus baccata brought by the writer from Moscow	0.65
year_reference	1939	0.55
year_reference	1906	0.55
year_reference	1932	0.55
structured_entry_json	{"cultivar_name":"S. D. Macata","year":1938,"heading_raw":"S. D. MAcATA","locations":["Minneapolis, Minnesota","Nevis, Minnesota"],"crosses":["Mcintosh apple x Pyrus baccata","Agri	0.95
verbatim_quote	As far as can be determined the author has done more than any one else to improve this native American	0.97
verbatim_quote	In later years the main attention has been given to the Nevis wild crab (introduced 1930) Pyrus loensis, from the farthest northwestern point where it has been found native, Nevis,	0.97
verbatim_quote	It has been thought by many that it was impossible to improve the American wild crab, but the author has been working with this problem many years, and has produced many hybrids	0.97
verbatim_quote	Recent study in Sweden and England indicates triploid apples contain more vitamins than ordinary apples, and are higher in quality	0.97
verbatim_quote	Tetraploids make is possible to originate many triploid apples (51 chromosomes) by crossing tetraploids with any of the usual diploids (34 chromosomes)	0.97
verbatim_quote	The Kola and the other wild crab hybrids, such as Shoko, Zapta, and Tipi as pointed out in Bulletin 224, are all heavy annual bearers even in dry seasons	0.97
verbatim_quote	Lincoln, University of Maryland, shows that Tipi, Shoko, Zapta, and Elk River are all tetraploids; also, that Nevis is a diploid	0.97
verbatim_quote	Later research by Dr	0.97
verbatim_quote	Bernhard Nebel, Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, New York	0.97
verbatim_quote	This was first determined in 1928 by Dr	0.97
verbatim_quote	The Kola crabapple (South Dakota Station Bulletin 224) has become of great interest to cytologists and plant-breeders the world over, because it is the first known tetraploid among	0.97
verbatim_quote	Some undesirable characters are the small size of fruit and thorniness of tree	0.97
verbatim_quote	Other advantages are: annual bearing, early bearing, early ripening of wood, winter hardiness, late blooming	0.97
verbatim_quote	In fact, some people consider wild American apples a fair substitute for quinces in making pres�rves	0.97
verbatim_quote	However, the fruit will keep at least a year and is useful to impart a quincelike flavor to common apple sauce	0.97
verbatim_quote	The abundant fragrant pink and white blossoms in the spring make the trees of great value for lawn and park planting, while the fruit is too sour and astringent to tempt anyone	0.97
verbatim_quote	In the seedling plantations of this Station the wild crabapple from Elk River, some thirty miles northwest of Minneapolis, Minnesota, has proved hardy, productive, and practically	0.97
verbatim_quote	The chief hope in growing many thousands of apple and crabapple seedlings has been to tame the wild American crabapple enough so that the fruit would be desirable at least for culi	0.97
verbatim_quote	This 5erved to tone down the astringency	0.97
verbatim_quote	The Indians cached or stored the fruit outdoors in the earth over winter	0.97
verbatim_quote	Taming the American Wild Crabapple The wild crabapple was the only apple known to the Indians before the white man brought over the cultivated apple which is a native of the temper	0.97
verbatim_quote	Season late fall	0.97
verbatim_quote	Fruit 1 Yz inches across, 1 Ys inches deep	0.97
verbatim_quote	A brilliant polished red all over; flesh rich subacid, cooking up tender into a light colored pleasant flavored sauce	0.97
verbatim_quote	Mcintosh apple x Pyrus baccata	0.97
verbatim_quote	MAcATA crabapple-1938	0.97
breeding_cross	S. D. Macata: Agricultural E x periment Station	0.90
breeding_cross	S. D. Macata: Mcintosh apple x Pyrus baccata	0.90
entry_location	S. D. Macata: Nevis, Minnesota	0.90
entry_location	S. D. Macata: Minneapolis, Minnesota	0.90
release_year_reference	S. D. Macata: 1938	0.92
description_snippet	S. D. Macata: However, the fruit will keep at least a year and is useful to impart a quincelike flavor to common apple sauce.	0.54
description_snippet	S. D. Macata: In the seedling plantations of this Station the wild crabapple from Elk River, some thirty miles northwest of Minneapolis, Minnesota, has proved hardy, productive, an	0.54
culinary_use	S. D. Macata: cooking up tender into a light colored pleasant flavored sauce	0.56
productivity	S. D. Macata: productive, and practically immune to blight	0.56
ripening_window	S. D. Macata: ripening of wood, winter hardiness, late blooming	0.56
storage_duration	S. D. Macata: keep at least a year and is useful to impart a quincelike flavor to common apple sauce	0.56
flavor_profile	S. D. Macata: flavor to common apple sauce	0.57
fruit_size	S. D. Macata: 1 7/8 inches	0.58
release_year_reference	1930	0.68
institution_reference	University of Maryland	0.60
breeding_cross	S. D. Macata: Mcintosh apple x Pyrus baccata	0.65
year_reference	1930	0.55
year_reference	1928	0.55
year_reference	1938	0.55
structured_entry_json	{"cultivar_name":"Sioux Sand","year":1902,"heading_raw":"S10ux sand","locations":["Brooks, Alberta","Morden, Manitoba"],"crosses":["S10u x sand cherry-1902","R eport from the Domin	0.95
verbatim_quote	The best fruit is borne on the young wood, so that the leading shoots should be pruned back as needed to favor the production of an abundance of new shoots	0.97